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Method of Money Laundering Essay

Organizing stores The Bank Secrecy Act of 1970 expects banks to report any stores surpassing $10,000.01. This isn't an issue for the ...

Sunday, May 24, 2020

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS REPORT OF DOMINOS PIZZA - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1238 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? This provides the portion of the current liability of Dominos Pizza Group which can be settled with its current assets earnings. This shows the ability of Dominos to meet its short-term debt contracts with the available current liability as the fall due. From the above table, Dominos Pizza Group had a current ratio of 0.69 in 2009 as compared to the 1.01 and 0.92 in years 2008 and 2007 respectively. The 0.69 in year 2009 shows that Dominos is not liquid enough to meet its short term debt obligations as at 2009 despite it being better than the SHS Pizza Ltd at 0.18 times in the same year. With its brilliant performance in year 2008 at 1.01times, in 2007 it went slightly below its ability to cover the current liability with its current assets at 0.97 times unlike the SHS Pizza ltd which had a better performance in ratio of 1.29 times in 2007. (Tracy J,2008 P287). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "FINANCIAL ANALYSIS REPORT OF DOMINOS PIZZA" essay for you Create order Liquidity Ratio Company 2009 2008 2007 Dominos Pizza 0.64 0.97 0.85 SHS Pizza Ltd 0.12 0.16 1.17 The ability for Dominos Group to repay short-term creditors out of its available total cash is less than the general threshold of 1.00. In 2007, Dominos had a liquidity ratio of 0.85 and increased to 0.97 in 2008 but fell drastically in 2009. Comparatively, its mirror company, the SHS Pizza limited performed better being able to cover its short term liabilities fully by 1.17x in 2007. However, SHS Pizza ltd also had a drastic fall from 1.17x in 2007 to 0.16x and 0.12x in 2008 and 2009 respectively. (www.advfn.com) Capital Structure and Solvency Gearing (%) Company 2009 2008 2007 Dominos Pizza 413.87 321.59 435.34 SHS Pizza Ltd 988.47 665.44 175.68 From the balance sheet of Dominos plc, it can be seen that it had a long term debt of 18million in 2007 which reduced further to 9million in 2007 and was eventually cleared in 2009. On measuring the amount of capital that is borrowed, the gearing ratio for Dominos Pizza as at 2007 was 435.34% falling slightly to 321.59% and 413.87% in 2008 and 2009 respectively. With this high gearing, it indicates that the proportion of Dominos group borrowed capital is high. However its mirror company, the SHS Pizza ltd had a reasonably lower gearing ratio of 175.68% in 2007 increasing significantly to 988.47% in 2009. These figures show how prone both Dominos Group and SHS pizza ltd is to financial distress. Borrowing is a risk to Dominos because of the associated high interest payables and therefore Dominos will be in a dangerous position if the interest rate increases. (www.bized.co.uk). Interest Cover Company 2009 2008 2007 Dominos Pizza 62.00 30.25 41.72 SHS Pizza Ltd n/a n/a n/a Talking of interest, the interests cover for the Dominos group has improved significantly over the last three years. In 2007 it had 41.72x but dropped to 30.25x in 2008, it later got better in 2009 with a 62x cover. This is a good indicator that Dominos group is able to pay its interest with its available operating profit. This significant improvement could be as a result of effective control of Dominos expenses and the consistent increase in turnover of 92,018 in 2007 to 128,076 in 2009. (www.bized.co.uk). Operating Efficiency Stock Turnover Company 2009 2008 2007 Dominos Pizza 54.99 52.07 44.67 SHS Pizza Ltd n/a n/a n/a As at 2007, Dominos Pizza plc had a stock turnover of 44.67days. It began to increase to 52.07 days in 2008 and again increased further to 54.99 days in 2009. This means that it is holding stock for longer than the previous years and could consequently increase the cost for holding these stocks. It is therefore important that the Dominos Pizza Group improves on its stockholding period so as to reduce its associated costs. All other things being equal, as Dominos products is food and can easily spoil, it is necessary that the stockholding period be reduced to avoid bulk waste of products and as a result material costs. Debtor Collection (days) Company 2009 2008 2007 Dominos Pizza 7.34 11.11 14.71 SHS Pizza Ltd n/a n/a n/a Dominos Pizza was able to get cash from its debtors within 14.71 days in 2007, in 2008 it was able to retrieve 11.11days whereas in 2009 was 7.34 days. From the above table, Dominos Group has been able to maintain a healthy improvement in its debtors collection days from 14.71days in 2007 to 7days in 2009. It is therefore important that customers of Dominos Pizza pay earlier so that this can be used to pay-off it trade creditors on time as well. Creditors Payment (days) Company 2009 2008 2007 Dominos Pizza 23.84 21.54 21.40 SHS Pizza Ltd n/a n/a n/a Dominos Pizza Group has been able to maintain a longer period in paying of its creditors. In 2007, it took about 21.40 days for Dominos Group to pay of its creditors. This further increased to 23.84 days in year 2009. If Dominos is able to get more credit period, it will be able to use the available funds to maintain growth until the payment period is dew. Despite it being a good business practice for Dominos Group to get longer payment period in settling its debt, it is also ethical that it pays it debt on or before time. Profitability Turnover The Dominos Pizza has sustained turnover growth for the past three years rising from 92,018 in 2007 to 128,076 in 2009. The turnover is entirely the sale made from the United Kingdom with a zero sales from oversees for the whole three years. The increase in sales was basically due to a higher demand of Dominos Pizza in the UK whereas the Zero sales in the overseas is as a result of unawareness of the Dominos Pizza in the oversees. Profit Margin (%) Company 2009 2008 2007 Dominos Pizza 24.05 18.43 18.32 SHS Pizza Ltd n/a n/a n/a www.fame.bvdep.com From the table above, the Dominos Pizza has been able to maintain a profit margin of 18.32% in 2007 and growing further to 24.05% in 2009. This is as a result of the efficient control of the cost of sales and other expenses like the administration expenses for the past three years plus an outstanding increase in revenue from 92,018 in 2007 to 128,076 in 2009. (Kimmel PD, etal (2008) Accounting p243). Gross Margin (%) Company 2009 2008 2007 Dominos Pizza 41.05 39.74 39.94 SHS Pizza Ltd n/a n/a n/a Similarly, changes in the gross margin will be as a result of changes in the Dominos Pizza group turnover and cost of goods sold. From the above table and diagram, we can see that the year 2007 had a gross margin percentage of 39.94% slightly dropped to 39.74% in 2008 and later rose to 41.05% in 2009. The cost of sale comprised of 60.6% in sale as at 2007 and a 59% in 2009. In the same period there was no information disclosed for public use for its mirror company, the SHS Pizza. Return on Capital Employed (%) Company 2009 2008 2007 Dominos Pizza 112.58 149.71 418.60 SHS Pizza Ltd n/a n/a n/a In 2007, Dominos Group had a good return on capital employed of around 418.60%. Despite the slight reduction, it continued to maintain a higher than 100% ROCE in the years 2008 and 2009 with 149.71% and 112.58% respectively. However using the ratio pyramid, the product of net assets turnover and the profit margin will give us the Return on Capital Employed. This is depicted in the table below; Calculation of the Return on capital employed 2009 2008 2007 Net Assets Turnover 4.68 8.12 22.85 Profit Margin 24.05 18.43 18.32 Return on Capital Employed 112.55 149.65 418.61 Here, any change on the return on capital employed comes as a result of change in either the net assets turnover or the profit margin. From the above, it is the constant fall in the net assets turnover from the 22.85 in 2007 to 4.68 in 2009 which contributed to the fall in the ROCE from 418.6% in 2007 to 112.5% in 2009. On the other side, the profit margin continued to maintain improvement. The averagely high performance in ROCE indicates that, Dominos make good use of its assets well in profit creation. (Bedward and Strdwick 2004 p53)

Monday, May 18, 2020

Essay on aALCOHOL SHOULD BE BANNED - 569 Words

ALCOHOL SHOULD BE BANNED Alcohol in the form of alcoholic beverages has been consumed by humans since pre-historic times, for a variety of hygienic, dietary, medicinal, religious, and recreational reasons. While infrequent consumption of alcohol in small quantities may be harmless or even beneficial, larger doses result in a state known as drunkenness or intoxication and, depending on the dose and regularity of use, can cause acute respiratory failure or death and with chronic use can cause severe health problems, such as liver and brain damage. As stated earlier, alcohol in small doses is harmless and can even be beneficial, but how many people can consume alcohol â€Å"responsibly† and â€Å"sensibly†? Very few I must say. It can be argued†¦show more content†¦Secondly, heavy intake of alcohol can lead to dizziness, vomiting, impaired breathing and in extreme cases, unconsciousness and coma that can lead to death. Alcohol also causes a vitamin deficiency, B-1 to be exact. This is because the digestive system of most alcoholics is unable to digest the above stated vitamin. Lack of this vitamin causes impaired memory, confusion and lack of coordination. Thirdly, chronic drinking can lead to dependence and addiction to alcohol and this may lead to additional neurological problems. Another reason alcohol is such a dangerous drug is that it is not only harmful to the user, but also to the community. The harmful effects of this drug are seen everyday for example, due to the ability of alcohol to impair judgment and slow down reaction time to stimulus, it becomes very dangerous when the intoxicated individual is behind the wheel of a moving vehicle in which case, he becomes a danger to himself and other road users. The statistics on drunk driving accidents are staggering and the lives lost are even more horrendous. Other negative social impact of alcohol are social problems arising from alcoholism can include loss of employment, financial problems, marital conflict and divorce. alcohol use can also cause Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Inside the mother, a fetus is fed through the placenta. Because alcohol passes easily through the placenta, every time the mother drinks alcohol, the developing fetus gets a

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Parallels Between the United States of America and Canada

There are many parallel between the United States of America and Canada. For instance they were both former possessions of the British crown, they speak mostly English, and they both had to deal with Native Americans. But one important difference is how they treated their native population during Western expansion. The Americans treated the Natives Americans like they were below them. The made treaties with the natives only to ultimately break them, the engaged in open war with the natives, and generally didn’t respect them. While, in direct contrast, the Canadians honored treaties, generally did not engage in war with the natives, and respected them as individuals. According to Keith Walden, who is a history professor at Trent†¦show more content†¦Another important factor during Western expansion was the role of the American sheriff. This person was responsible for upholding the law and keeping order. The sheriff was sometimes elected but more often than not he was put into place by the elite who were in charge of the local municipality. This often led to incompetence and corruption. Consequently, this meant that Indian relations suffered. Indians were not treated with the respect that they deserved, and were often taken advantage of. On the other side of the 49th parallel this was a vastly different story. In Canada the North West Mounted Police, a British tradition, and former Indian relations seemed to be the major reasons that the Indians were treated differently. The North West Mounted Police, or the Mounties, had a similar role to that of the American Sheriff. They were in charge of maintaining law and order, but they were also responsible in maintain the border between the United States and Canada. This was a physical geographic border, but also a border, or different identity, between what it meant to be Canadian and what it meant to be American. A big portion of this was the way that the Mounties treated the Indian population. The respected the Indians as humans. Meaning that they honored formally signed treaties made with the Indians, and treated the Indians with respect; not as pawns in the way of Manifest Destiny. But they also asserted Canadian lawShow MoreRelatedIntroduction:. Canada Was A Land Of Vast Distances And738 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction: Canada was a land of vast distances and rich natural resources, and became a hegemonic power in 1867, while maintaining relations with the British Crown. Economically and technically, the nation has developed parallel to the United States, its neighbor to the south across the longest international border in the world. Canada faces the political challenges of meeting public demands to improve the quality of health care, education, social services and economic competitiveness. Canada also aimsRead MoreCanada.. Introduction:. Canada Was A Land Of Vast Distances772 Words   |  4 PagesCanada Introduction: Canada was a land of vast distances and rich natural resources, and became a hegemonic authority in 1867, while maintaining relations with the British Crown. Economically and technically, the nation has developed parallel to the United States, its neighbor to the south across the longest international border in the world. Canada faces the political challenges of meeting public demands for quality improvement in health care, education, social services and economic competitivenessRead MoreU.s. Foreign Policy Up1045 Words   |  5 Pagesinvolving Canada, Britain, and Mexico. The Aroostook War was a border dispute between Canada and Maine that was settled by the Webster-Ashburton Treaty in 1842; both sides gained some concessions. There was a border dispute with Britain in the Oregon Territory. In 1846, America and Britain agreed on the 49 parallel as the boundary. Furthermore, the Guadalupe Hidalgo, a treaty as a result of the Mexican-American War, gave America Texas and parts of Mexic o. The Monroe Doctrine stated that America was notRead MoreThe War On Drugs Is A New Form Of Jim Crow870 Words   |  4 Pagesfact, it was designed to mitigate advantages and limitations of certain groups, and create policies , which have racial irrefutable features (Alexander). As the history predicates from slavery to Jim Crow Laws, policies were enacted in America with the intention of marginalizing African Americans. Which in turn created a caste system. At the bottom of the caste are African Americans and at the top are the wealthy and affluent individuals( Alexander).Policies regarding the criminal justiceRead MoreThe Acta Treaty : A Multilateral Trade Agreement901 Words   |  4 Pagescombat counterfeiting, known as the ACTA is over. It is a multilateral trade agreement, anti-counterfeiting in different products. 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However, the soldiers of 2PPCLI stood theirRead MoreThe Origins And Development Of The Canadian And American Health Care System Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesTommy Douglas was recognized a significant leader in Canadian history. His presceptions about Canadian health care impacts many throughout the nation. 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Although national health insurance was first proposed asRead MoreAlberta Essay914 Words   |  4 PagesAlbertas population area is 660,00 km it is the fourth largest province after Ontario, Quebec, and british columbia. The south province borders on the 49th parallel north separating it from the United States of Montana while on the north the 60th parallel north divides it from the Northwest Territories. To the east, the 11 separates it from the province of Saswatchagan, while on the west its boundary with British Columbia follows the 120th meridian south fro m the Northwest Territories at 60 degreesRead MoreThe World of Hetalia: Japanese Anime1147 Words   |  5 PagesImagine the world’s countries as fun, hilarious personas in a parallel world. Sounds unrealistic? Japanese writer/artist, Hidekaz Himaruya has won the hearts of many anime (Japanese animations) lovers with his acclaimed anime series, Hetalia. It has 5 seasons with over 100 episodes in both English and Japanese. Hetalia portrays the world’s countries as people in an alternate world. Countries such as Italy, Japan, England and even Canada are featured in the anime and have their own distinct personalities

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Complexities Directly Related to the Crucifixion of Jesus...

There were a number of complexities directly related to the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. The majority of these pertain not only to the reason for his crucifixion but also for popular interpretation of this act and the significance attributed to it. Jesus taught and did much that was contrary to both Jewish and Roman conceptions of law and religion. Many of his transgressions were also directly related to the nature of his death and the significance it would later on take. Both Romans and Jews sought Jesus death because he was ecclesiastically and politically subversive, professing a tolerance and equality that was ultimately proven by the dramatic nature of his death and its consequences. Although each respective group had its own reasons for the execution of Jesus, there were definite commonalities existent in the reasons both Jewish and Roman people desired his elimination. Central to these commonalities were conceptions of the day regarding both law and religion, which were closel y intertwined. Therefore, Jesuss teachings and practices that violated the nature of religion were also widely considered criminal or legal violations as well. The Jews in particular desired Jesus punishment because many of his teachings contradicted their religious practices, such as his transgressions regarding laboring on the Sabbath and their rules of human purity and cleanliness, which Jesus disregarded by claiming that he was the son of God and eating and dwelling among many who wereShow MoreRelatedOscar Wilde Fairy Tales4397 Words   |  18 PagesSocialism†, inasmuch as they denounce the disregard of the higher social classes and of the intellectual elite for the poor. (Woodcock, 1950, p. 147-148; Kileen, 2007, p. 63-64) Virtually all the stories present this issue, which is, however, more directly addressed in â€Å"The Young King†, the tale of a boy born of an illicit relationship between a princess and someone below her status. Oedipian overtones immediately come to mind when we hear that the boy had been â€Å"when but a week old, stolen away fromRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 PagesSociety. Used by permission of Zondervan Bible Publishers. Bible texts credited to RSV are from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright  © 1946, 1952, 1971, by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. Used by permission. Texts credited to RV are from The Holy Bible, Revised Version, Oxford University Press, 1911. Printed in U.S.A. 09 08 07 06 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 0-8280-1947-9 ISBN 0-8280-1948-7 hardcover paperback PrintedRead MoreNegotiation and Culture: Case Study24152 Words   |  97 Pagesto know how to communicate with other members of our culture and how to interpret their behavior. Culture can thus be defined as an underlying framework that guides an individual’s perceptions of observed events and personal interaction, and thus directly influences what people will do and what they can do. In short, knowing and using culture and its many dimensions is a must know negotiating with foreigners. Culture includes all learned behavior and values that are transmitted through shared experience

Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House - 799 Words

In most works of literature, we discover a character that is in a deep state of sleep, not actually asleep but more in a sense of having a naà ¯ve sort of life. Characters such as these have no worries, no pestering thoughts; they are truly at rest. But what happens when these character awaken? What makes that sudden impact? Of course, no one simply blinks his or her eyes just to find himself or herself in a higher state of awareness or consciousness. Something has to happen, but what? In Henrik Ibsen play A Doll House that character is Nora Helmer, but surely she didn’t reach a true sense of awakening without the help of her companions Christine, Dr. Rank, and Krogstad. Christine, an old friend of Nora plays an important factor in Nora’s awakening. She was the first to know about Nora’s doings and in the end she was also the one that allowed for her secret to be out, claiming that this would help Nora and Torvald finally reach an understanding between their mar riage. Mrs. Linde tells Krogstad to let the truth be out as it would help Nora, â€Å"Helmer must know all about it. This unhappy secret must be disclosed; they must have a complete understanding between them, which is impossible with all this concealment and falsehood going on.† (711) Christine knows Nora expects to get away from lying and therefore she lets Nora’s lie be exposed that way she could finally understand that her marriage isn’t what she thought it was. That it was simply an illusion she made herself inShow MoreRelatedHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House1563 Words   |  7 Pages In the play, A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, the title itself symbolizes the dependent and degraded role of the wife within traditional marriages. Ibsen portrayed the generous nature root into women by society, as well as the significant action of this nature, and lastly the need for them to find their own voice in a world ruled by men. Ibsen wrote this play in 1879, this is the era where women were obedient to men, tend the children until their husband came home, and stood by the Cult of DomesticityRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1717 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Doll, a Partner, and a Change† Social movement of women liberation toward equal rights and independence has been a big subject in human history. It happens not only in Europe but also all over the world. Though making progress, this movement has been advancing slowly and encountered backslashes from time to time. Maybe there is something deeply hidden which the society has not figured out yet, even women themselves. What do women want, freedom or good life? Most of the time, they are notRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1291 Words   |  6 Pages A Doll s House by Henrik Ibsen, is a play that has been written to withstand all time. In this play Ibsen highlights the importance of women’s rights. During the time period of the play these rights were neglected. Ibsen depicts the role of the woman was to stay at home, raise the children and attend to her husband during the 19th century. Nora is the woman in A Doll House who plays is portrayed as a victim. Michael Meyers said of Henrik Ibsen s plays: The common denominator in many of IbsenRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1288 Words   |  6 Pages Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is based in the Victorian society of the 19th century. It assesses the many struggles and hardships that women faced because of marriage â€Å"laws† that were crucial during that time period. The society was male- dominated with no equality. Nora is the protagonist in A Doll’s House and the wife of a man named Torvald. This play is about Nora’s voyage to recognizing her self- determination and independence. She transforms from a traditional, reserved woman to a new, independentRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1298 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"There is beauty in truth, even if it s painful. Those who lie, twist life so that it looks tasty to the lazy, brilliant to the ignorant, and powerful to the weak. But lies only strengthen our defects. They don t teach anything, help anything, fix anything or cure anything. Nor do they develop one s character, one s mind, one s heart or one s soul.† (Josà © N. Harris). Nora Helmer’s choice to lie and deceive is inappropriate and wrong for women to do to her husband during this time period; itRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1037 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House is a work of literature genius. This three-act play involves many literary technics that are undermined by the average reader such as the fact that the plot shows the main characters Torvald and his wife Nora live the perfect life. An ironic paradox based around the fact that Nora and Torvald’s relationship is the complete opposite of perfect. Also, bringing upon a conflict as well, appearance versus reality. These little hidden meanings within stories are what areRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Doll House† was set in the Victorian era, a time where women were highly respected. Women in this time period did not work, they had nannies to take care of their children and maids to take care of their homes. Many women had no real responsibilities, they spent their time having tea parties and socializing with their friends. Henrik Ibsen dared to show the realism of the Victorian era while everyone else would only focus on the romantic aspect. In the play, â€Å"A Doll House†Read MoreA Doll s House : Henrik Ibsen962 Words   |  4 PagesDrama Analysis A Doll’s House (Henrik Ibsen) And Trifles (Susan Glaspell) In comparing both dramas, the overwhelming aspect of convergence between both is the open discussion of gender identity. Both dramas make similar points about what it means to be a woman. Modern society in both dramas is constructed with men holding power over women. This is seen in Trifles in how men like George Henderson and Mr. Hale are myopic. The premise of the drama is how women worry over trifles, and the dismissiveRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1421 Words   |  6 PagesIn A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen examines conventional roles of men and women in the nineteenth century. In the play, Nora exemplifies the conventional feminine standard during that period. She seems to be powerless and confines herself through high standard expectations, demonstrating what the role of a women would be as a wife and mother. The protagonist of A Doll’s House is a woman named Nora Helmer. Ibsen shows how Nora’s design of perfect life gradually transforms when her sec ret unravels. InRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen876 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen A Doll’s House takes place in the home of Torvald and Nora Helmer. Through conversation with Nora’s good friend Kristine Linde it is revealed that Mr. Helmer was ill around the same time Nora’s father died. Luckily Nora’s father left her enough money that Torvald and Nora could go on a life saving trip to Italy. But the truth comes out when we find out Nora’s father did not leave her a penny. We find out that Nora got a hold of the money through a loan but she signed

Interest Rates and Bond Valuation free essay sample

As a consumer, the effective annual rate is the more important rate since it represents the rate actually paid or earned. Â  110. You are considering two annuities, both of which make total annuity payments of $10,000 over their life. Which would be worth more today: annuity A, which pays $1,000 at the end of each year for the next 10 years, or annuity B, which pays $775 at the end of the first year, but the annuity payment grows by $50 each year, reaching $1,225 at the end of year 10? Are there any circumstances in which the two would be equal? Explain. The second annuity weights its payments more toward the back of the period, rather than the front, making it less valuable unless the discount rate is zero. Some students may get tripped up by the fact that the two annuities have the same total payments. This would clearly demonstrate a lack of understanding of the time value of money. We will write a custom essay sample on Interest Rates and Bond Valuation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are three factors that affect the present value of an annuity. Explain what these three factors are and discuss how an increase in each will impact the present value of the annuity. The factors are the interest rate, payment amount, and number of payments. An increase in the payment and number of payments will increase the present value, while an increase in the interest rate will decrease the present value. There are three factors that affect the future value of an annuity. Explain what these three factors are and discuss how an increase in each will impact the future value of the annuity. The factors are the interest rate, payment amount, and number of payments. An increase in any of these three will increase the future value of the annuity. Should lending laws be changed to require lenders to report the effective annual rate rather than the annual percentage rate? Explain the reasoning for your answer. It would be more meaningful for consumers to know the effective annual rate rather than the annual percentage rate. The effective annual rate is slightly more difficult to calculate and also more difficult to explain, and may add confusion to the loan process. However, regardless of the costs, it would appear that consumers would benefit from learning what the effective annual rate is as opposed to the annual percentage rate. Annuity A makes annual payments of $813. 73 for each of the next 10 years, while annuity B makes annual payments of $500 per year forever. At what interest rate would you be indifferent between the two? At interest rates above this break-even rate, which annuity would you choose? How about at interest rates below the break-even rate? This requires the students to actually use the present value formulas, setting the present value annuity equal to the present value of a perpetuity and solving for the interest rate that makes the two equivalent. The first step is recognizing that the indifference point occurs when the two present values are equal. The break-even rate is 10 percent: below that rate, the perpetuity is better, while above that rate, the 10-year annuity is preferred. Â  A friend who owns a perpetuity that promises to pay $1,000 at the end of each year, forever, comes to you and offers to sell you all of the payments to be received after the 25th year for a price of $1,000. At an interest rate of 10 percent, should you pay the $1,000 today to receive payment numbers 26 and onwards? What does this suggest to you about the value of perpetual payments? The present value of the perpetuity is $10,000, and the present value of the first 25 payments is $9,077. 04, thus you should be willing to pay only $922. 96 for payments 26 and onwards. This suggests that the value of a perpetuity is derived primarily from the payments received early in its life, and the payments to be received later have little worth today

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Kidney Stone Ncp free essay sample

Kidney Stone Care Plan Admitting Diagnoses: Client not being admitted at this time Current Diagnosis: Ureteral Calculi Other Medical Diagnoses: HTN, Hyperlipidemia, Kidney stones, Smokes Tobacco, Tonsillectomy-child age yrs. Pathophysiology: Urinary calculi are solid particles in the urinary system. They may cause pain, nausea, vomiting, hematuria, and, possibly, chills and fever due to secondary infection. Diagnosis is based on urinalysis and radiologic imaging, usually noncontrast helical CT. Treatment is with analgesics, antibiotics for infection, and, sometimes, shock wave lithotripsy or endoscopic procedures. About 1/1000 adults in the US is hospitalized annually because of urinary calculi, which are also found in about 1% of all autopsies. Up to 12% of men and 5% of women will develop a urinary calculus by age 70. Calculi vary from microscopic crystalline foci to calculi several centimeters in diameter. A large calculus, called a staghorn calculus, can fill an entire renal calyceal system. About 85% of calculi in the US are composed of Ca, mainly Ca oxalate. We will write a custom essay sample on Kidney Stone Ncp or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Composition of urinary calculi; 10% are uric acid; 2% are cystine; most of the remainder are Mg ammonium phosphate (struvite). General risk factors include disorders that increase urinary salt concentration, either by increased excretion of Ca or uric acid salts, or by decreased excretion of urine or citrate. Urinary calculi may remain within the renal parenchyma or renal pelvis or be passed into the ureter and bladder. During passage, calculi may irritate the ureter and may become lodged, obstructing urine flow and causing hydroureter and sometimes hydronephrosis. (Preminger, MD, 2012) Common areas of lodgment include the ureteropelvic junction, the distal ureter, and the ureterovesical junction. Larger calculi are more likely to become lodged. Typically, a calculus must have a diameter gt; 5 mm to become lodged. Calculi ? 5 mm are likely to pass spontaneously. Even partial obstruction causes decreased glomerular filtration, which may persist briefly after the calculus has passed. With hydronephrosis and elevated glomerular pressure, renal blood flow declines, further worsening renal function. Generally, however, in the absence of infection, permanent renal dysfunction occurs only after about 28 days of complete obstruction. Secondary infection can occur with long-standing obstruction, but most patients with Ca-containing calculi do not have infected urine. Preminger, MD, G. M. (n. d. ). Nephrolithiasis; stones; urolithiasis. Retrieved from http://www. merckmanuals. com/professional/genitourinary_disorders/urinary_calculi/urinary_calculi. html Textbook clinical symptoms: The major manifestation of stones is severe pain, commonly called renal colic. Flank pain suggests the stone is located in the kidney or upper ureter. Flank pain that extends toward the abdomen or to the scrotum and testes or the vulva suggests that stones are in the ureters or bladder.