Creating an Emergency Response Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Creating an Emergency Response Plan - Essay Example In any case, the wildfire is able to reach the factory the engineers of the factory are aware of the extent of damage it would cause and even the potential threat it would pose to the employees, and the community living nearby the factory. Therefore, the office of the factory engineer will be in-charge of implementing this emergency response plan and the maintenance department will play a supporting role because in normal circumstances the factory engineer devises plans, which are forwarded to the maintenance department where other junior engineers and technicians can implement the plan (Fema, 2008). One of the steps the engineer could take is to create a barrier surrounding the factory, which will prevent fire from spreading into the factory. This would be achieved by cutting all the grass within 10 meters from the wall and making a pavement around the wall, additionally, grass will be cut down inside the factory compound. Secondly, the factory engineer will select strategic locations where water taps will be placed within the compound in order to help put off fire in case the fire is able to reach the compound. Thirdly, plan would involve putting fire extinguishers within strategic locations inside the factory and ensuing there are no leakages of any toxic chemical. Lastly, the plan will also involve both departments (engineering and maintenance) training the factory staff about fire safety measures. FEMA. (2008). Producing emergency plans: A guide for all-hazard emergency operations planning for state, territorial, local, and tribal governments (CPG-101). Retrieved from http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/docs/cgo/Week%203%20- %20Producing%20Emergency%20Plans.pdf Accessed on

Unemployment and Development Authority Essay Example for Free

Unemployment and Development Authority Essay Unemployment Rate in Philippines decreased to 6.80 percent in the third quarter of 2012 from 7 percent in the second quarter of 2012. Unemployment Rate in Philippines is reported by the National Statistics Office (NSO). Historically, from 1994 until 2012, Philippines Unemployment Rate averaged 9.14 Percent reaching an all time high of 13.90 Percent in March of 2000 and a record low of 6.30 Percent in September of 2007. In Philippines, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labor force. This page includes a chart with historical data for Philippines Unemployment Rate. Underemployment in the Philippines According to the last quarter report of the National Statistics Office (NSO), the underemployment rate slightly dipped to 19.1 percent in October 2011 from the 19.6 percent in October 2010. National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) Director-General Cayetano Paderanga, Jr. said this could be attributed to the higher quality of jobs generated in the different sectors last year.For example, some jobs in call centers require engineering or medical expertise and not only call-and-answer skills as many presume, Paderanga said. This year, the business process outsourcing (BPO) industry is expected to continue to be major job provider in the country. At the same time, the tourism sector will be given priority as it can generate jobs that require various level of skills.Agro-industrial processing and other allied industries will be intensified, especially for those living in the rural areas, so they will no longer have to transfer to the cities to look for jobs, he said. Paderanga said t hat in the previous years, most of the available jobs targeted individuals with higher education and skills. This year, they are planning to produce jobs that would require lower skills and training which will be offered throughout the country. Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) will also work hand-in-hand with different government agencies to conduct livelihood and skills training. The level of unemployment in the Philippines remained the same in July as a year ago, according to the National Statistics Office (NSO). Unemployed Filipinos numbered 2.8 million in July, or a rate of 7 percent, the results of the July 2012 Labor Force Survey showed. The NSO said the latest unemployment figure is almost the same as the 7.1 percent reported in the same month last year. It said the July jobless rate was virtually unchanged from the 6.9 percent recorded in the previous quarter. More than half, or 51.2 percent of unemployed Filipinos, were in 15-to-24 age group, which only validates the difficulty faced by fresh graduates looking for work, said Rene Ofreneo of the School of Labor and Industrial Relations at the University of the Philippines. A third, or 33.3 percent of the unemployed, were high school graduates, 13.9 percent were college undergraduates, and 19.2 percent were college graduates. â€Å"The pattern of the labor force did not change. A major change will happen if there will be a major structural change in the economy like an industrial transformation and an agricultural modernization,† Ofreneo said. Metro Manila (National Capital Region) posted the highest unemployment rate at 9.9 percent while Cagayan Valley registered the lowest unemployment rate at 3.2 percent. An estimated 37.6 million Filipinos were employed in July, against the 37.1 million recorded in the same month last year. But the number of Filipinos with jobs in July was fewer than the 37.8 million in April. Emmanuel F. Esguerra, deputy director general of the National Economic and Development Authority (Neda), said the quality of employment deteriorated in the face of the higher underemployment rate of 22.7 percent in July, against 19 perc ent in the same month last year. The number of underemployed persons in July 2012 was 8.54 million, against 7.1 million in the same month last year, or an increase of 1.45 million underemployed persons. Employed persons who expressed the desire to have additional hours of work in their present job or to have an additional job, or to have a new job with longer working hours, are considered underemployed. Most of the underemployed were working in the services sector (42.5 percent) and the agriculture sector (41.5 percent). The underemployed in the industry sector accounted for 16 percent. â€Å"The high underemployment rate can be partly attributed to the bulk of the new labor force entrants, those aged 15 to 24 years old, who may be employed as casuals and receiving less than their reservation wage, owing to their lack of skills or inexperience,† Esguerra said. â€Å"Moreover, the higher underemployment rate suggests that workers are not earning enough which makes them look for more work,† he added. The Department of Labor and Employment said it was â€Å"seriously concerned† about the steady growth of the underemployed. Labor Secretary Rosalinda Baldoz said the increase occurred largely among wage and salary workers in private establishments where most of the employment expansion during the quarter materialized.

The Adventures of Nigel and Corky :: essays research papers

The Adventures of Nigel and Corky †¦ They were on a rickety old plane that looked like I could’ve been flown sometime during the fifties, everyone was snickering and making comments about it when all of a sudden the engines started to sputter and die. The engines went out and the pilot was forced into attempting a crash landing, he dint do too good and the only survivors were Nigel Frumpton, a world famous explorer and professional treasure hunter and Corky, the pilots assistant, see Corky was a little slower than normal and the only reason he worked for the pilot is because the pilot felt sorry for him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As they gathered all the supplies that were salvageable Nigel was trying to come up with some sort a plan. After they were ready Nigel explained to Corky that they were going to continue with the expedition while looking for some sort of civilization where they could get a hold of someone to come help them. It didn’t really look too likely for a while because they were stranded deep in the middle of the thick jungles of South America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They started walking north figuring they would run into something after a while but they found something all too soon. Before Nigel knew he could hear Corky yelling for help about thirty feet away from him. Corky had wandered off a little bit and walked right into a big puddle of quicksand and was slowly sinking helplessly. Nigel had the think quick so he looked for something to throw Corky, he noticed long sturdy looking vines hanging off of a tree nearby and ran over to cut a vine down to toss to Corky as a makeshift life saver. In his rush to help he didn’t pay much attention to what vine he was grabbing, when he reached up and grabbed onto the closest vine to him he heard a very intimidating hiss from very close. As he looked down to see what was hissing he noticed the â€Å"vine† he grabbed wasn’t a vine at all it was a vine snake! Vine snakes are notorious for blending in with the vines of a long tree and striking on unsuspecting victims , releasing their extremely venomous poison into the victim killing them almost instantly. Nigel being the expert he was didn’t over react to the situation and calmly let go of the snake and at the same time quickly cut off a nearby vine from the tree and ran over to Corky, by this time he had sunk to his waistline and was getting pretty impatient with Nigel.

Colonization of Africa

Conquests, colonization, the slave trade, and the spread of consumerist society have shaped and formed the grounds for which developing countries find themselves today. The countries of the developing world subjected to colonialism have been faced with a number of impediments throughout the years which have hindered social and economic growth, and laid the foundation which bred cultural conflict. Colonialism, however, too bought Western civilization and all its attractions to underdeveloped countries during the process of colonialism.The following essay will highlight the effects of colonialism on the developing world from an economic, political and social perspective. The colonization of Africa has a long history, and can be explained as being set in motion as early as 200 AD, with the migration of Bantu speaking Africans from central Africa to the south of Africa due to the agricultural boom and overpopulation of tribes, known as one of the largest human migrations in history (ref) . Following the migration of the Bantu language group was the spread of Islam from 750 – 1500 AD, which was first accepted in West Africa by the Dya’ogo Dynasty.Following this spread, the establishment of empires throughout the continent transpired which created extensive trade networks throughout North and West Africa, allowing a peaceful medium through which Islam could broaden through the merchant class (Akosua Perbi, 2001). The Trans-Saharan and internal trade occurring in the same time period contributed to the diversity of inhabitants as a result of the ongoing slave trade through Ghana from the 1st to the 16th century. The first stage of European colonialism occurred during 1500 – 1880, and was based on the gold and slave trade.The Portuguese arrived on the coast of West Africa in 1471 to find a rapid trade in slaves and other goods between Ghana and its neighbouring coastal countries (Akosua Perbi, 2001). Portugal then continued to partake in the trade, and for 100 years were the only European country which traded directly with Ghana and its neighbouring countries (Kimble, 126). Wars often waged between neighbouring countries, with which captives were possessed as slaves and traded in Ghana for gold (Kimble, 126).The most important phase of colonialism, known as the European scramble for Africa, occurred during the 19th and 20th century following the collapse of the slave trade and the expansion of the European capitalist Industrial Revolution (Iweribor, 2002). It appears that three factors drove the push for European Imperialism, including economic, political and social motives. Driving the economic factor, the demand for assured sources of raw materials and the search for guaranteed markets and profitable investment outlets were the catalysts to the European scramble and the resultant conquest of Africa (Iweribor, 2002).The political force derived from the impact of inter-European power struggles between Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal and Spain too played an important role in the process of colonisation. To exhibit superiority, acquisition of territories around the world including Africa was essential to national pre-eminence. The social factor presented the third major element in the push to colonise. As a result of industrialization, extreme social problems appeared in Europe that included unemployment, poverty, social displacement and homelessness as not all people could be absorbed by the new capitalist industries (Iweribor, 2002).The acquisition of colonies enabled European countries to send this excess of population into what would then be established as settler-colonies in Algeria, Tunisia, South Africa, Namibia, Mozambique, Angola and some central African areas like Zimbabwe and Zambia (Iweribor, 1). The interplay of these economic, political and social factors led to the crazed attempts by European agents to declare and establish a share in African territory for trade and claims to control of waterways and commercial routes throughout parts of Africa.The extremity of the scramble forced the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck to convene a summit of European powers to avoid the possibility of inter-imperialist conflict, known as the Berlin Conference held from November 1884 to February 1885 (Stilwell, 2002). The conference fabricated the Berlin Act, a treaty with provisions to lead the conduct of the European imperialist opposition in Africa. This treaty, drawn up without African participation, provided the grounds for the successive separation, invasion and colonisation of Africa.It presented European powers an open market for trade that bought more from colonial power than it sold overall (Shillington, 2005). From this stage, African territory was divided randomly between the European countries. France and England had a significant influence in reshaping the colonies. Britain as well as Germany utilized the idea of ‘Imperial Monachy’, while t he French struggled to incorporate Africans into republican traditions (Grinker, 2010). During this process, some of the local values and institutions were replaced by more modern/western ones.Furthermore, colonisation obstructed the internal process of state formation and development in Africa, leaving legacies of corruption and political instability (Tangie, 2006). Africa experienced extreme cultural clashes which were resultant from the influence of political, economic, social and religious factors on the indigenous societies of Africa. Along with the occupation, the Europeans brought with them traditions and religions to implement and utilize as a justification for their presence in Africa at the time (Tangie, 2006).The effects of colonialism can be reflected in the changes touching various aspects including cultures and institutions. The exploitative utilization of Africa as a means of economic prosperity for the superior minority projected Africa as an inferior race. Colonizat ion was a means of displaying racial arrogance that humiliated African leaders and their people (Toyin, 2005). It encouraged competition and conflict between ethnic groups based on the ideals and principles that had been implemented in the various countries. With violence, colonialism created new frontiers and developed new economic and political objectives.New governments expressed their desire to maintain the colonial boundaries created during the colonisation period, however, it appeared that governmental institutions, good governance skills and experience to rule lacked. These boundaries created back-up zones for guerrilla groups to harass legitimate governments, and also made it impossible for internal unity and identity to be generated among African states (Jacobson, 2007). The imposition of a western system of governance has created many problems that have been difficult to solve over the years.The western system deviated from the culture and traditions of Africa, which were inherently dictatorial, starting from the family system and ending with the government. A gap was created between the tradition system of governance and that of the Western model, with minimal or no effort made to create a blend between the two. Therefore, as a result, all efforts were towards replacing the traditional systems that were identified as primitive, which veered off from the tradition and cultural norms of the people, contributing to a loss in identity (Jacobson, 2007).After the end of colonialism, a border dispute has become one of the most critical causes of conflict in Africa, particularly manifested in the boundary disputes between Ethiopia and Eritrea, and Nigeria and Cameroon as examples (Teshome, 2009). These lengthy periods of conflict and war, along with famine and droughts detrimentally affected the economy as well as the populations well-being. As a result, the output per head in Africa is the lowest of any major world region, and has expanded slowly only sinc e 1960 (Teshome, 2009).The negative effects of colonialism on education can be identified in some colonial countries such as Ethiopia. The Ethiopian educational system faced many obstacles due to the history of educational traditions, as for a long period of time religion was spread by Christian and Islamic missionaries. When Italy invaded Ethiopia, the educational system collapsed and the government was forced to rebuild the system from scratch, and by 1974 only 15. 3 percent of children were attending primary school.The main issues were related to the problems of quality, equity and relevance (Teshome, 2009). Another example relating to education is that of the Senegal case, which illustrates how little is possible when the education system has been affected. According to statistics, two thirds of children enrol in primary school and of that almost a quarter drop out later on (Teshome, 2009). While literacy for children was 49. 1 percent in 2004, in the same year the literacy for adults was only 39. 3 percent (Jacobson, 2007).Over half of the population are unable to read and write, which means over half of the population are unable to acquire jobs. Although colonialism created various obstacles to economic growth, it too introduced integration to the international system for Africa, abolishing the popular slave trade that existed in Africa preceding colonisation (Siemensen, 1999). Colonialism also created a rich diversity in Africa, with a mixture of people, languages, religions and customs which has created the ‘rainbow nation’ that we are identified with today.The process of colonialism also introduced many Western ideals and practices that are still implemented today that have positively influenced economic growth and social welfare. In conclusion, it can be identified that the effects of colonial rule over African countries has contributed significantly to the issues facing developing countries today in relation to economic growth, educatio n, development as well as war and conflict created through policies and ideals implemented during the process of colonialism by European countries.

The Game That Went Wrong!

It was 9. 00pm on a dark and cold night. Michael, Simon, Steffanie and Gemma were walking through the woods. â€Å"God it's a bit dark here init! † said Steff as they were trudging through the dirt and the tall, dark trees. â€Å"God you're a wimp! † said Mike as he came up behind her and scared her half to death. Steff grabbed his hand so tightly you could nearly see his face turn purple. â€Å"Guys†¦..! † shouted gem a few feet behind them, â€Å"I think we've lost si! † â€Å"What do you mean LOST him? † â€Å"He was right behind us! † said a scared and worried steff, â€Å"you know si, he's probably just being stupid† â€Å"yeh well it isn't very funny is it! Si, Si, give it up now, it isn't funny† They kept walking while shouting him. â€Å"Guys, he's bin gone for nearly an hour now, where is he? † gem said! They kept walking and finally came to the end of the woods; Steff was really worrying about him now. â€Å"I thought I said to stick together but no†¦ That's too much to ask isn't it! We can't do anything without someone going missing or something going wrong! † â€Å"Try his mobile† gem pulled out her mobile and started ringing him, â€Å"it's switched off! † â€Å"Great†¦ just bloody great! † â€Å"Si! † screamed steff. It was at this point that everyone was starting to get worried. What if something has happened to him? † â€Å"Will you shut up; you're giving me a headache! Look he said he was going to hide in the woods and try and scare you but he's been gone way too long now! † â€Å"Be careful, the last thing we need is to loose another one of us! † â€Å"Ill b fine! † Mike set off back inside the woods. It was even darker now as 2 hours had nearly passed. â€Å"What happens if we never see him again, I mean he could have been killed or anything! † â€Å"Steff!!!! Will you shut up, he will be fine, he's very much alive just lost or something! Stop exaggerating and calm down! † Mike came walking back towards us; there was no sign of Si! â€Å"Well†¦ where is he? Please tell me you found him! † â€Å"No, ive looked everywhere but there was no sign of him, all I found was this! † he put his hand in his jacket pocket and pulled out Si's phone and wallet! â€Å"Oh my god! † â€Å"Something must have happened to him,† â€Å"He will turn up, don't worry, you know what Si is like! † â€Å"Its getting late, we gota tell someone! † â€Å"Look†¦ I aint leaving until we have found him! † â€Å"Im not giving up, he wouldn't give up on us! † It was at this point that everyone was panicking and didn't know what to do. Ring his mum; ask her if she's heard from him! † Gem pulled out her phone and started to ring, there was no answer, â€Å"I think they must be out or something because they aren't answering. † We've got half an hour to find him! † â€Å"If he doesn't turn up we'll just have to hope he's turned up at home or something! † They all stayed together and kept searching but they didn't find him, it was now 11. 30pm and to it was too dark and too late to keep looking for him. â€Å"I think we should get going† They all started walking up the street â€Å"I will try ringing his parents again when I get in, if I hear anything I will let u know! Mike said as he was walking down his drive, â€Å"ok†¦ I hope he is ok! † â€Å"See ya tomorrow! † It was a very long night for everyone, they didn't have a clue where Simon was or where he had gone, Steff was all up night as she couldn't sleep as she was too worried about Simon. Every time she looked at the clock just an hour had passed, 2 o'clock, 3 o'clock, 4 o'clock and yet still no one had heard anything about Si. The next day Steff rang Mike to see if he had heard anything. â€Å"No I haven't, I rang his parents again this morning and they said they haven't heard from him and he never came home last night! they thought he had they said that they were worried so they have rang around and nobody has seen him so they rang the police to file a missing persons report so I think they have gone out looking for him! † â€Å"What exactly did you say to them, how did they take it? † â€Å"Well I spoke to his mum and I told her we were just messing about and we were just playing, then we lost Si and we went looking for him but couldn't find him, she was pretty upset, she started crying and I didn't know what to say, She said that if he's not found by within the next few hours could we give in a statement so I said yes? â€Å"Oh my god, what happens if we never see him again, it's my entire fault! † â€Å"Steff just calm down, we don't know what's happened yet, we just got to wait and see, it isn't your fault, it isn't any of our faults, we just got to stay calm and stick together! † â€Å"I hope he's ok or I will never forgive myself! † â€Å"Look I'm really sorry but I've got to go now, a police car has just pulled up outside my house! † â€Å"Ok, what are you going to say? † â€Å"I'm gonna be honest and tell them everything! † â€Å"Ok ring me later and tell me how it's gone, tra! Mike opened the door to the two police officers and they came in and sat down. With the look on the officers faces, Mike started to worry, â€Å"Were very sorry to deliver this news to you but I'm afraid we found Simons body! † â€Å"We found it in a black bag amongst some bushes deep in the woods, were very sorry! † Mike paused and didn't say anything, he was completely taken back. â€Å"God!! I didn't think he was dead, when did you find him, we were only having a bit of fun!! † â€Å"Were very sorry! † â€Å"I think his parents may want to speak to you shortly! † â€Å"Err err yeh that's ok! † the police officers got up and walked out! â€Å"

Religion and Sarah Grimke essays

Religion and Sarah Grimke essays The concept of religion is something that is widely used but frequently misunderstood. During the 19th century religious ideologies were widely practiced, and had subsequent influences on nearly every facet of society. Sadly, religion was used particularly in the form of Christianity to keep certain groups oppressed; these groups included (but not limited to) both women and Blacks. Christianity despite its teachings of kindness, love and equality was somehow twisted and instead of focusing on doctrines that promote liberty, White Americans used it to keep minority groups marginalized. The writings of Sarah Grimke, Prince Hall The Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions each contend with issues of oppression surrounding each authors individual minority group. Yet it can easily be noted that religion seems to be a reoccurring theme in each of the writings. Therefore, because the 19th century man had a sacrilegious mindset, he imposed various social oppressions on both women and Blacks. It could be understood that the common thread throughout each of the responses made by Grimke, Hall, and the Seneca Falls piece is that of religion. Prince Hall, in the Petition to Massachusetts Legislature makes many bold assertions regarding the role of Blacks in American society. Hall contends that because America has labeled herself as a free country granting everyone the natural and unalienable right to freedom, it only seems fair for Blacks to enjoy this right also. The basis of his argument is the fact that the great parent of the universe, has bestowed the right of freedom upon man, and because these rights have never been forfeited, it is only fair for Blacks enjoy their unalienable rights likewise. In support of this idea, Hall employs the comparison of Americas struggle with Britain. America felt as if it was her natural right to be freed of Britain's hold, yet she won&a...

Riots in Vancouver Essay Example

Riots in Vancouver Essay Example Riots in Vancouver Paper Riots in Vancouver Paper Essay Topic: Citizen Kane The term riot is often used in tandem with events like protests, rallies or marches. We think of people with common goals and/or grievances coming together to have their opinions and voices heard. Common themes include injustice, freedom and human rights. We can watch riots on the news on a near daily basis. Egypt is rioting for the end of an autocratic government, Syria is protesting the dictatorship of their President, and Greece is rioting for economic reform. These protests often begin with peaceful intentions but can lead to emotional flare-ups and violent outbursts. This moment is when a rally becomes a riot. Those who engage in such behaviours like acting out towards law enforcement, or damaging personal or public property can be considered deviant. These so called-deviants are going against the natural social order of things and disrupting society. Sometimes such deviant acts are considered malicious or criminal in nature and other times these same acts are considered heroic and for the â€Å"greater good† of society. It may become difficult to distinguish what constitutes a deviant act. For example, two people may engage in burning police cars but if one of those people is doing so in protest of civil war, society sees merit in his/her actions. If the second person is burning the police car in an alcohol-fueled rage against the loss of a hockey game, that person is seen as deviant and their actions are seen as criminal. This paper will focus on the Vancouver riots of the 2011 Stanley Cup finals. The main objective will be to take a sociological perspective in regards to crowd behaviour; the deviant act of rioting and the role social media is playing in response to Vancouver riots themselves. On Wednesday, June 15th 2011 in the city of Vancouver, hockey fans turned against the city in response to the 4-0 victory of the Boston Bruins over the Vancouver Canucks. Some 100,000 people crowded the streets of the downtown area to watch the Stanley cup game 7 finals and when the outcome was determined, a few so-called fans took their anger and disappointment out on cars, windows and each other. Damage was estimated at approximately $1. 3 million dollars and over 140 people were reported as injured (â€Å"A Tale,†2011). In an article by The Vancouver Sun, Vancouver’s police chief Jim Chu was reported saying that the riot was a result of young men and women disguised as Canucks fans who were actually criminals and anarchists† (Kane, 2011). Although there has been some backlash for how the police handled the riot, the Vancouver Police department had the riot under control within 3 hours of its outbreak. Canada has a long history with respect to riots and hockey. Win or lose, Canadians have found a reason to riot in response to Canada’s national pastime. The Globe and Mail presents a timeline for hockey riots in Canada. Beginning in 1955, when Montreal rioted after Maurice â€Å"Rocket† Richard was suspended and unable to play for the rest of the season. Habs fans took to the streets to protest the NHL decision and caused an estimated $100,000 in damage. Of the 8 riots mentioned in the timeline, Montreal was host to 5 of them. In 1994, Vancouver rioted in response to the loss of game 7 of the Stanley Cup finals to the New York Rangers. Approximately $1. 1 million dollars in damage, and over 200 injuries were reported. Edmonton has also rioted in the name of hockey, this time for a win. Edmontonians took to the streets of Whyte Avenue in celebration of the western conference win over the Anaheim Mighty Ducks. The celebration quickly changed its tune as members of the crowd began starting fires and looting from near by businesses. Clearly the relationship between rioting and hockey can be seen as a recurrent theme in Canadian sports history. The Vancouver riots of 2011 are not a new phenomenon. If past behaviour predicts future behaviour, then these riots will probably not be the last (â€Å"Hockey riots,† 2011). All riots must be considered as isolated events. Throughout the entire 2011 playoff series crowds of fans gathered in the streets to watch the games and cheer on their team without incident. In fact, Vancouver hosted the 2010 winter Olympics which boasted huge amounts of people crowding the streets without riots or altercation. To point a finger at all Canadians and say that we are unable to assemble in a crowd without issue would be ludicrous. The only thing that this particular riots can tell us is that a few â€Å"bad people† can ruin it for the rest of us. A few people made some poor choices and the city of Vancouver and its residents have to pay. On a positive note, crowds of people joined together the next day to clean up after the mess that these few individuals made. That speaks volumes about the kind of crowd behaviour that exists in Canada. Most sociological perspectives offer an interpretation of deviance and its causes. The most common approach to explaining deviance is probably conflict theory, stemming from the industrial revolution and Karl Marx (Plath, 2008, p. 2). Conflict theory, in brief, describes the tension between the ruling class and the working class within a capitalist society. Conflict arises between these groups because of the unequal division of wealth and power. This theory would posit that the oppressed peoples would eventually become aware of their oppression and revolt against those who oppress them (Barkan p14). The concept of two groups vying for power over one another does not seem to characterize the underlying causes of the Vancouver riots. Luke Plath, author of Anatomy of a Riot (2008) discusses how labeling theory coupled with law enforcement presence can lead to violent, unplanned outbursts within a crowd (p. 2). First, labeling theory is the act of attaching a label to someone and then consequentially treating him/her according to that label. Often, people will internalize the labels they receive and begin to act in accordance with them (Bereska, 2011, p. 79). Plath (2008) mentions that the mere presence of police, even at a peaceful protest or gathering, can instigate the feelings of being treated like a criminal. If enough people in the crowd internalize this feeling of being seen as deviant by the eyes of the law, a peaceful gathering can soon escalate to a violent riot (p. ). The concept of collective behaviour can be incorporated into the discussion of deviant behaviour and its relation to rioting. Steve Barkan (2011) defines collective behaviour as â€Å"relatively spontaneous and relatively unstructured behaviour by large numbers of individuals acting with or being influenced by other individuals† (p. 458). Barkan (2011) discusses four main types of crowds: casual, conventional , expressive and acting. Casual and conventional crowds are more general and do not really detail collective behaviour or deviant acts by groups or individuals. Expressive crowds reflect a group of individuals who gather for a specific purpose and with emotionally expressive tendencies, like at a political rally. If an expressive crowd becomes too emotionally charged, it may progress into an acting crowd and engage in violent, destructive behaviour (p. 459). The word riot can stir up many negative connotations. One definition of a riot is a relatively spontaneous outburst of violence by a large group of people (Barkan, 2011, p. 460). According to the previously stated definitions and oncepts, it would appear that before a riot occurs, the right type of crowd must assemble, under the right type of condition and must include the right individuals who are influenced easily by others. Contagion and Convergence theories can also be used to posit on the cause of deviant behaviour resulting in acts of riot. Contagion theory, made popular by Gustave le Bon, states that individuals are rational on their own but in crowds, individuals can get carried away in the mob mentality and act irrationally and sometimes violent. As a result people engage in collective behaviour and are influenced by the others around them (Barkan, 2011, p. 64). Convergent theory, on the other hand, implies that crowds are not the cause of irrational behaviour but rather, the people within the crowd is what causes the behaviour. Basically, convergent theory says that people with like minds and attitudes will converge together and form a crowd that may act in deviant or destructive ways (Barkan, 2011, p. 464). Contagion and convergence theories provide a framework for analyzing what happens when people in groups become agitated and the snowball effect that can precipitate a full blown riot. However, these theories fail to address the tipping point that causes groups dynamic to shift from peaceful to violent. Through the process of deindividuation, people act out behaviours in a group setting that are not consistent with how they would act alone (Bhatia, 2011). The accountability of one individual is blurred by the crowd, which can encourage people to act impulsively and destructively (Handwerk, 2005). Combine anonymity, adrenaline fueled sports fans with alcohol and the outcome could be a disaster. Brian Handwerk describes the psychology behind being a sports fan as an identity and a social network for people to belong to (â€Å"Sports Riots,† 2005). This concept can easily apply to mob mentality as well, joining a group of rioters is a way to fit in and be apart of something larger then one’s self. Sometime the need to belong can blur our moral codes of right and wrong. A deviant act is only deviant as long as the power’s that be says it is. To avoid creating a riot culture without repercussion the Vancouver Police Department needs to find those responsible and make public examples of them fast. If not, The Vancouver Police have the tough job ahead of them to find and charge those involved in the riots. A task that at one time would have been nearly impossible is gaining some help from photos, videos and the Internet. Social media outlets like Facebook and twitter are being employed in an effort to identify the culprits. The Vancouver police have asked citizens to come forward and anonymously provide video footage and photos of the riot in hopes that it will lead to arrests (Bolan 2001). Facebook groups have been set up so that people can join and hopefully identify some of the people in the photos. In reality, those that participated in the riots will likely go unpunished. However, the social outcry by the public via the Internet and other media is new form of punishment. The Internet has become a forum for people to speak their minds indirectly to these rioting â€Å"hockey fans† and hopefully the guilt and shame will be lesson enough. As a native Vancouverite and a Canuck fan, it is embarrassing to watch history repeat itself and all for a hockey game. The riot was not in protest of a tyrannical dictator, or to bring public awareness to the needs of impoverished children, it was far less important then that. The Vancouver riots were an embarrassing moment, caught on camera and seen around the world. All the sociological theorizing in the world could not make sense of it, nor justify it. It was not due to strain or frustration between opposing classes, it was not due to a learned behaviour or a label placed upon these people. If you look at the pictures of those involved, you will see a handful of adolescents and young adults making poor decisions and demonstrating a lack of respect and pride in themselves, their hockey team and their country A Tale of two riots. (2011). Retrieved on July 31, 2011 from cbc. ca/news/canada/story/2011/06/16/f-vancouver-riot-1994-2011. html Kane, Laura and Kelly Sinoski. (2011) Vancouver top cop blames Stanley Cup riots on ‘anarchists’. Retrieved on July 31, 2011 from vancouversun. com/sports/Vancouver+blames+Stanley+riot+anarchists/4957678/story. html Brakan, Steve. (2001). Sociology: Understanding and changing the social world. Retrieved from flatworldknowledge. com/pub/1. 0/sociology-understanding-and-ch/364149#pdf-469 Retrieved on July 31, 2011 Bereska, Tami M. (2011). Deviance, Conformity and Social control in Canada. Toronto, ON: Pearson Canada Inc. Plath, Luke. (2008). Anatomy of a riot. Retrieved on July 31, 2011 from associatedcontent. com/article/701217/anatomy_of_a_riot_pg3. html? cat=17 Hockey riots throughout Canadian history. (2011). Retrieved from theglobeandmail. com/news/national/british-columbia/hockey-riots-throughout-canadian-history/article2064096. Retrieved on July 31, 2011. Handwerk, Brian. (2005). Sports riots: The Psychology of sports mayhem. Retrieved on July 31, 2011 from http://news. ationalgeographic. com/news/2005/06/0620_050620_sportsriots_2. html Bhatia, Maneet. (2011). Reflecting on Vancouver: Why do people riot?. Retrieved on July 31, 2011 from http://psychstateofmind. com/2011/06/17/reflecting-on-vancouver-why-do-people-riot/ Bolan, Kim. (2011). Vancouver Police want your riot video and photos. Retrieved on July 31, 2011 from http://communities. canada. com/vancouversun/blogs/realscoop/archive/2011/06/16/vancouver-p olice-want-your-riot-video-and-photos. aspx I Predict a Riot Jessi Evanoff Sociology 224 August 4th 2011

Short Quotes About Life

Short Quotes About Life Given a chance, most people will wax eloquent on the meaning of life. A discussion on this subject can continue for hours. Self-styled philosophers cannot restrain themselves from examining life at length from every possible angle: birth, childhood, growing up, love, family, career, retirement, old age, and finally, death.We can only see the tip of the never-ending iceberg called life. Life has much more depth and dimension than one can fathom. Yet, despite its limitless dimensions, life can be defined in just a few words. As the great Mahatma Gandhi put it simply, Where there is love, there is life. Finding the Love in Life A life bereft of love is a poor thing indeed. Romantics claim that the absence of a significant other is the cruelest blow that life can deal you. They say that you have not lived until you have loved. However, ​romantic love is only part of the tapestry of relationships that enriches life. There is love for parents, siblings and friends; love for pets; love for adventure; love for home; love for movies, books, travel, art, and so much more. German writer and philosopher Johann Wolfgang von Goethe said, We are shaped and fashioned by what we love.Love gives us reason to live. It brings joy to our daily life. Love reigns supreme in our happiest moments, working behind the scenes to make them happier. Love for life increases the joy of being alive, even in the face of harsh circumstances. Love can help overcome your deepest grief and your darkest fears.We are advised not to dwell on our sorrow, but to pick up where we left off and march forward. Nevertheless, it helps to underst and sadness. We follow the greatest tragedies on the silver screen. We read about real and fictional heroes. We weep with them but come home purged of our sorrow, and gifted with a new perspective on life. If you are looking for quick succor, these sad quotes provide nuggets of wisdom. Learn From Lifes Experiences Our experiences – whether happy or sad, peaceful or nerve-wracking, memorable or forgettable – make us who we are. French sculptor Auguste Rodin had said, Nothing is a waste of time if you use the experience wisely. He couldnt have put it better. This collection of short quotes conveys two important messages: one, that life is a collection of myriad experiences; and two, that the best advice is brief. Dont Dwell on the Past Some people are constantly telling the world about their troubled past. They dwell on past events but fail to learn from their experiences. They jump into the same difficult situations repeatedly, and then cry, Woe is me! Take the case of the serial cheater. Or the bum who refuses to leave the couch. Or the never-quite-recovering gambler. They claim that circumstances are against them, forgetting that life is what we make of it. Successful people are those who learn from their experiences. Sometimes, these lessons can only be learned in retrospect. A short wise quote by Ralph Waldo Emerson says it best, The years teach much which the days never knew. Growing up Is Not a Cakewalk Children and teens are busy trying to act like grownups, while adults spend their days reminiscing about the carefree days of childhood. Aristotle was right when he said, The gods too are fond of a joke. This short quote is funny but it gets the point across. It offers a humorous explanation for why we keep pining for what we do not possess, constantly seeking the elusive greener grass.Our search for what could be continues into old age, when we wistfully remember the years gone by. The optimists enjoy every moment, spending time with their children and grandchildren, putting their free time to the best possible use. The pessimists and the unfortunate fail to notice the joys of life as they wait impatiently for death to show its face. If you cannot understand this obsession with death, these short death quotes will help you grasp a different point of view. For instance, you may consider death to be a terrible thing but poet Walt Whitman would disagree with you. He once wrote, Nothing can happen more beautiful than death. Humor Makes Life Bearable A few days ago, I came across an incisive quotation by Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw. He said, Life does not cease to be funny when people die any more than it ceases to be serious when people live. Shaw was known for his witty turn of phrase, and his ability to see the comic side of life. In this quote, he hits the nail on the head, reminding us that humor and seriousness exist irrespective of life or death. That is why American humorist Philander Johnsons famous words, Cheer up, the worst is yet to come, never fails to rouse laughter. If you think about it, Johnsons prediction is terrible. Yet, humor makes that inevitability easier to bear.Short funny sayings raise spirits even amid grave circumstances. You can find intriguing opinions on life, death, and everything in between in these collections of short funny quotes. Remember, laughter is the best medicine. The next time you find life becoming a little too dreary, give yourself the gift of laughter. Read some funny short quotes when you feel weepy. Loosen up a little when things do not go your way. Keep in mind that ever-pertinent line by American author Elbert Hubbard, Dont take life too seriously. Youll never get out of it alive. Live it while you still can! Charlie BrownIn the book of life, the answers arent in the back.Samuel JohnsonSome desire is necessary to keep life in motion.John Walters Life is short, so enjoy it to the fullest.David SeltzerFor some moments in life there are no words.Edward FitzgeraldI am all for the short and merry life.Anthony HopkinsI love life because what more is there.D. H. LawrenceLife is ours to be spent, not to be saved.Woody AllenLife is divided into the horrible and the miserable.Johann Wolfgang von GoetheA useless life is an early death.Donald TrumpEverything in life is luck.Bertolt Brecht Life is short and so is money.Robert ByrneThe purpose of life is a life of purpose.James DeanDream as if youll live forever, live as if youll die today.Chinese ProverbBe not afraid of going slowly; be afraid only of standing still.Albert CamusLife is the sum of all your choices.Moroccan ProverbHe who has nothing to die for has nothing to live for.Emily DickinsonTo live is so startling it leaves little time for anyth ing else.Will SmithLife is lived on the edge.John LennonLife is what happens to you while youre busy making other plans.Walter AnnenbergAccomplish something every day of your life.Alfred HitchcockDrama is life with the dull bits cut out.Simone WeilEvery perfect life is a parable invented by God.

International Relations. Approaches To Poverty, Environmental Issues Essay

International Relations. Approaches To Poverty, Environmental Issues - Essay Example These set the framework within which the State, International Organisations and Non-State Actors work together. The State The state is the most important and the most central element of International Relations. This is basically because International Relations attempts to examine and evaluation the relationship between countries in the 'family of nations'. As such, the nation or the state becomes the fundamental actor that constitutes the basis of the various activities of International Relations. International Relations aims at creating a framework through which nations relate to each other. The world 'international' could be construed as a set of bilateral and multilateral systems that are used to analyse and evaluate the contact and transactions between nations and states. As such, the state forms the basic unit through which the framework for International Relations can be created and prepared for various levels of analyses and evaluation. As such, the Sovereign State becomes the basic element of International Relations. A state has permanent populations, occupies a defined territory, has a central government and is independent of other states with similar governments. As such, the government of each state has the duty of maintaining its own structures, systems and institutions. By International Law and International Convention, each nation's government is autonomous. As such, International Relations gives these governments an avenue to interact with each other. This again confirms that without states with defined boundaries, International Relations would be impossible in both the theoretical and practical sense. Although the State is the main Actor in International Relations, it is by no means the only Actor. There are other Actors that are woven into the theory of International Relations through various situations and circumstances. Basically, these Actors come to play because of the role of International Law and International Convention. They include Int ernational Organisations and Non-State Actors. International Organisations International Organisations are those organisations that have the force and authority to operate because of agreements between various nations. In other words, they come to being through international conventions and treaties. They are meant to supervise certain defined interest and requirements that allow International Relations to be carried out. Such entities vary in their authority and scope. Whereas some are very powerful and are more or less like states, others are less powerful and are set up to attain defined ends. Thus, an international organisation like the European Union, which has a supranational authority and is a system through which states have ceded a level of their authority becomes a crucial actor that has a similar merit as a state in International Relations. On the other hand, there are some other players like the World Trade Organisation, regional groupings like the South African Developm ent Community amongst others. By far, the United Nations seem to be the most powerful of International Organisations. This is because it has the mandate of almost all nations around the world and it co-ordinates the activities of major international organisations and defines the territorial integrity of nations around the world and International Law. Non-State Actors Aside States and International Organisations, there are other actors that are often called Non-State Actors in International Relations. These are entities that have or promote ties between two or more nations around th

Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Employment Law - Essay Example Any resolution will be complex and contested; hence from the view point of Karl Marx, Marx believed that no completely satisfactory resolution is possible without a total revolution in social-economic system. Marx could have been right but the employment law in the 21st century attempts to balance the logic of the market system with the liberal aspiration of ensuring that individuals are treated with respect and impartially, as well as, have the opportunity to construct meaningful lives. In most cases, contract laws are applied in workplaces because they are vital and are legal aspects that tend to formalize an agreement in more than two parties. Question One: Many issues arise in the workplaces especially where many employees have varied issues such as health problems and many others. Some employees have complicated health issues that may hinder effective performance of the company and Michael’s case is among the common cases arising in the contemporary workplaces. Addressing these issues in a pragmatic manner requires clear and effective understanding of contract laws. Contracts are agreements which have lawful objects entered into voluntarily by two or more parties; thus they intend to create legal obligations among the parties (Twomey, 2013, p. 87). The contract should be acceptable, have an offer, mutual consideration and it should have a legal capacity vital for creating mutuality of obligation (Collins, 2010, p. 91). The contract laws take into considerations varied range of matters such as employment terms, real property sale issues, independent contractor relationship, intellectual property issues and settlement of disputes in the workplace. The contract law demands that all workers with a contract of employment or an employment relationship should receive basic working employment conditions vital for enabling them to work effectively in the working environment. Therefore, the case of Michael should be addressed by focusing on the contract law e specially the employment conditions in the work place. Each industry has its own policies that demand employees to meet them but the labor employment law should also be taken into considerations. The contract law offer mutual recognition rules vital for assisting free movement of workers. Although these mutual recognition rules exist, more subtle impediments found in the informal practices and conventions in recruitment continue to produce much less internal movement within the workplace (Collins, 2010, 139). These principles can be challenging but only under the general principle of free movement of employees. However, in the case of Michael, there is need to focus on the contract laws and adhere to them, but the employer should not also deprive him the mandatory employment rights applicable in the state where the work is being performed. It is vital for Michael to come up with a clear agreement with the human resources about his work because health is also important for any worker working in any organization. The labor laws focus on the rights of employees including health and safety in the working places and rights; hence, the human resource manager should provide

Businesses in the Long-run Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Businesses in the Long-run - Essay Example The original industry size can not hold the increased output. However, the size of the expanded industry has to be optimum to ensure that the business is able to avoid diseconomies of scale (Roncaglia 2006 p 582). There are many factors that may affect the effectiveness of a business in the long-run. For example, technological advancement may either improve the operations hence increased output and reduced cost of production, or it may lead to the obsolescence of the existing technology leading to an extra cost for the business. A business may experience falling long-run costs through changing the factors of production. There is an optimum level whereby the prices are expected to be maintained, or gradually begin to rise as the factors of production continue to be varied. However, there are situations when the long-run costs may continue falling even after this point is reached, which indicates the capacity of the industry to satisfy the market with greater variation of the inputs. This essay is a critique of why businesses might experience falling long-run costs as well as the effects of this on the competitive process and the structure of industries. It also critiques the reasons why long-run costs might begin to rise, and how a business can try to avoid the rise, to maintain competitiveness in the market. Businesses usually experience falling long-run costs after engaging in ... This occurs due to the fact that if a particular production system can produce more units when more inputs are applied, it would not be utilized maximally if only a few inputs are applied in the system (Roncaglia 2006 p 582). For example, if a sisal processing plant can produce 300 units of finished product from 700 units of raw materials and operates in an environment whereby the source of raw materials can only supply 400 units, it might benefit in the long-run if it moves to other regions where the raw materials are abundant. This would lead to a fall in the long-run cost since the same plant that was initially used to produce few products for a lower profit will be used to produce a larger quantity of output within the same premises for greater profits. This means that in the long-run, a firm is able to increase its efficiency through increasing the inputs. On the other hand, when inputs are variable, the firm will only maintain the inputs that can reduce the cost of production t o improve profitability. Market expansion is significant in leading to a fall in the long-run costs of a business. This is because as new industries are established in a particular region, the prevailing industries are likely to expand to match the emerging industries. Development of industries concentrated in a particular region attracts professionals in the appropriate fields of production; hence it becomes easy for organizations to access skilled labor thereby increasing productivity. The more an industry employs skilled workforce, the more the costs of production decrease. On the other hand, suppliers for raw materials are likely to lower their cost as a result of many suppliers competing

Steve Jobs Role in Improving the Apple Company Research Paper

Steve Jobs Role in Improving the Apple Company - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that Steve Jobs was among the most successful inventors and innovators in the business world. Jobs most fashionable and expensive inventions include the iPhone, Ipad and the iMac. Most of Steve Jobs' products have great influence on the lives of people. Steve Jobs was an inventor and a marketer whose life is a good example of innovation, ambition, and determination. Born in San Francisco, Steve Jobs was abandoned by his parents and later adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs. Steve Jobs studied at a nearby school, Homestead high school where he met future co-inventor, Steve Wozniak. After high school, Jobs later enrolled at Reed College, which, he later dropped out by not attending creative classes. In 1974, Steve Jobs became video designer before visiting India for a short period of spiritual enlightenment. In 1976, Steve Jobs and he friend, Steve Wozniak started the Apple computer. Steve Jobs helped revolutionize technology by making computers t hat were smaller, cheaper and easily accessible to consumers. Due to Steve Jobs inventory and creative mind, Apple Computer became a huge multinational and publicly traded company in 1980 owning a market value of $1.2 billion. He left the company only to return later, in 1996 as CEO. It was under Steve Jobs guidance that the Apple Company revolutionized the world of technologies by inventing the technologies such as the iPhone and iPad. These Apple products are some of the technologies that are dictating the evolution of modern world and technology. Despite his death in 2011, Steve Jobs creativity, inventions and entrepreneur nature made Apple company a powerhouse in the computer and technologies sector. According to Young and Simon, Jobs has a way to use technology and creativity to show the greatness of his abilities as evident from his improvements at Apple. The success of Steve Jobs and the Apple Company may be attributed to Jobs genius thinking and creative mind. Steve Jobs was an intelligent inventor who was able to develop unique technologies that stood out in the market. His creativity was evident in the way he designed and developed products at Apple. In addition to his creative designs and products, Steve Jobs helped the Apple Company rise to the top of the technology world through his efficient branding and marketing Campaigns.

Using of Windows 2000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Using of Windows 2000 - Essay Example There is a dire need to protect such information from prying eyes. (Scambray et al., 2003) The reputation of a company might be at stake if such information would be divulged. Moreover, people’s privacy would be compromised on a grandiose scale too if such information went public. There is also the risk of exploitation of such information. In order to protect these computing systems, numerous systems have been developed but loopholes still remain. This text is centred on an exploit for port 443 for a Windows 2000 based domain controller. Table of Contents Abstract 1 Introduction 3 Vulnerabilities in Networks 3 Delineating HTTPS and Port 443 4 Case Study 4 Assumptions 4 Way Forward 5 Analysis of Assumptions 5 Gathering Intel for Attack 5 Accessing the Server 6 Reason for Buffer Overflow 8 Securing a Foothold 8 Conclusion 9 Bibliography 10 Introduction Windows 2000 was developed by Microsoft as a business solution to host data and other services. A total of four different editio ns of Windows 2000 were released which were Professional, Server, Advanced Server and Datacentre Server. Other limited editions were also released by Microsoft in 2001 but the baseline of Windows 2000 being a business machine persisted. (Pastore, 2003) On its release, Windows 2000 was marketed as the most secure Windows ever built. (Microsoft, 2000) However security flaws within the Windows 2000 framework continued to plague the system right till the lifecycle end in July 2010 when Microsoft stopped issuing new security updates. (Microsoft, 2011) Vulnerabilities in Networks Windows 2000 has been likened to the eggshell concept. Similar to the egg’s shell, the exterior security layer is robust yet vulnerable. However, as soon as the exterior security layer is breached, the inside of the network is â€Å"mushy† and easier to manipulate. This general principle is not limited to Windows 2000 based network servers but to networks in general too. (Ethical Hacker Network, 201 1) In general various vulnerabilities exist on network machines especially in respect to ports that can be scanned and accessed for intrusion. The possible exposed ports all have the potential to be converted into vectors for an attack on the concerned machine. The most common ports utilised by various applications on a typical Windows based machine are listed below to delineate vulnerability. (Ethical Hacker Network, 2011) TCP Port Applications 20 FTP data channel 21 FTP control channel 23 Telnet 25 SMTP 53 Connection oriented DNS (resolution on UDP 53) 80 HTTP 88 Internet Key Exchange (IKE) 110 POP3 (mail) 135 Windows RPC Endpoint Mapper 137 NETBIOS Name Service 139 NETBIOS Session 389 LDAP 443 HTTP/S 445 Common Internet File System / native SMB on Windows 2000 and higher 636 LDAP over SSL 1433 SQL Server (1434 if the port scanner can perform UDP too) 1723 PPTP 3268 LDAP to a Windows Global Catalogue Server 3389 Remote Desktop Protocol (Windows Terminal Service) It must be kept in mind that these ports are available for Windows based machines. If other OS are being utilised, the machine’s vulnerability may lie at other ports which would be open. (McInerney, 2000) This investigation is concerned with port 443 used for HTTP/S services and so it will be looked into in more detail. Delineating HTTPS and Port 443 HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) is a combination of the simple HTTP with an additional SST/TLS security layer. This helps to encrypt data being moved through web pages. Generally this protocol is used for online payments and transactions.

The European Central Banks Targeted Inflation Rates Assignment

The European Central Banks Targeted Inflation Rates - Assignment Example Inflation is a rise in the price of soothing ds and services within an economy which results in a decline in the purchasing power of every subsequent unit of currency and this causes a loss in the real value of exchange within an economy. The main measure of inflation is the Consumer Price Index which provides an indication of the price level of consumer goods and services which are purchased by households, business firms, the government as well as the rest of the world (in case of an open economy). The CPI in the United States is defined by the  Bureau of Labor Statistics  as â€Å"a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a  market basket  of consumer goods and services.† This paper helps to provide an insight into the inflation that is currently taking place within the German economy. As per the current happenings within the German economy, the prices of goods and services naturally saw a hike due to the holiday season; this period mostly witnesses an increase in demand of goods and services which is met by an almost equivalent amount of supply. ... Most governments, especially in the European zone, had been able to recover well from the financial crisis that took place world over in 2008-2009 but the repercussions of that are lingering on as inflation in the same economies. German consumer prices nonetheless, harmonized to compare with other European Union countries, showed a rise of 2.4 percent on the year in December, down from 2.8 percent in the previous month. The following graph helps to show the Consumer Price Index in Germany and the changes that the same has undergone over a decade. The graph thus helps in interpreting the various changes within the German economy with respect to fluctuations in the Consumer Price Index. By understanding the ups and downs within the graph it may be understood that the demand and supply situation of a consumer base within Germany has never been a constant; it varies according to the variations of the need for goods. Thus, putting the same to thought, it may be comprehended that a hike is usually seen during the peak holiday season when the demand and supply of goods and services see a huge rise. Chart - CPI inflation Germany 2011 (yearly basis) Interest rates refer to the rates at which a borrower is able to borrow money in order to have greater purchasing ability. (Parkin, Michael) Since loans and smaller debts can be taken from the European Central Bank at lower rates, consumers have been able to increase their purchasing powers and have been thus causing the economy to slow down considerably. Due to increased spending by the consumers, the economy has witnessed growth and expansion which has almost led in the demand outpacing the supply.

Using of Windows 2000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Using of Windows 2000 - Essay Example There is a dire need to protect such information from prying eyes. (Scambray et al., 2003) The reputation of a company might be at stake if such information would be divulged. Moreover, people’s privacy would be compromised on a grandiose scale too if such information went public. There is also the risk of exploitation of such information. In order to protect these computing systems, numerous systems have been developed but loopholes still remain. This text is centred on an exploit for port 443 for a Windows 2000 based domain controller. Table of Contents Abstract 1 Introduction 3 Vulnerabilities in Networks 3 Delineating HTTPS and Port 443 4 Case Study 4 Assumptions 4 Way Forward 5 Analysis of Assumptions 5 Gathering Intel for Attack 5 Accessing the Server 6 Reason for Buffer Overflow 8 Securing a Foothold 8 Conclusion 9 Bibliography 10 Introduction Windows 2000 was developed by Microsoft as a business solution to host data and other services. A total of four different editio ns of Windows 2000 were released which were Professional, Server, Advanced Server and Datacentre Server. Other limited editions were also released by Microsoft in 2001 but the baseline of Windows 2000 being a business machine persisted. (Pastore, 2003) On its release, Windows 2000 was marketed as the most secure Windows ever built. (Microsoft, 2000) However security flaws within the Windows 2000 framework continued to plague the system right till the lifecycle end in July 2010 when Microsoft stopped issuing new security updates. (Microsoft, 2011) Vulnerabilities in Networks Windows 2000 has been likened to the eggshell concept. Similar to the egg’s shell, the exterior security layer is robust yet vulnerable. However, as soon as the exterior security layer is breached, the inside of the network is â€Å"mushy† and easier to manipulate. This general principle is not limited to Windows 2000 based network servers but to networks in general too. (Ethical Hacker Network, 201 1) In general various vulnerabilities exist on network machines especially in respect to ports that can be scanned and accessed for intrusion. The possible exposed ports all have the potential to be converted into vectors for an attack on the concerned machine. The most common ports utilised by various applications on a typical Windows based machine are listed below to delineate vulnerability. (Ethical Hacker Network, 2011) TCP Port Applications 20 FTP data channel 21 FTP control channel 23 Telnet 25 SMTP 53 Connection oriented DNS (resolution on UDP 53) 80 HTTP 88 Internet Key Exchange (IKE) 110 POP3 (mail) 135 Windows RPC Endpoint Mapper 137 NETBIOS Name Service 139 NETBIOS Session 389 LDAP 443 HTTP/S 445 Common Internet File System / native SMB on Windows 2000 and higher 636 LDAP over SSL 1433 SQL Server (1434 if the port scanner can perform UDP too) 1723 PPTP 3268 LDAP to a Windows Global Catalogue Server 3389 Remote Desktop Protocol (Windows Terminal Service) It must be kept in mind that these ports are available for Windows based machines. If other OS are being utilised, the machine’s vulnerability may lie at other ports which would be open. (McInerney, 2000) This investigation is concerned with port 443 used for HTTP/S services and so it will be looked into in more detail. Delineating HTTPS and Port 443 HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) is a combination of the simple HTTP with an additional SST/TLS security layer. This helps to encrypt data being moved through web pages. Generally this protocol is used for online payments and transactions.

Has the arrival of the knowledge economy destroyed Braverman's Essay

Has the arrival of the knowledge economy destroyed Braverman's Deskilling Thesis - Essay Example Particular emphasis is given on the interaction of this theory with the knowledge economy; reference is made especially to the fact whether the arrival of the knowledge economy has destroyed the Deskilling Thesis of Braverman or not. The main elements of the two concepts are critically examined. The literature published in the specific field is used in order to check the power of each of the above concepts and their potential perspectives to survive under the terms that current social conditions have been significantly changed compared to the period when the Marxist theories were introduced. At this point it would be necessary to refer to the general framework of the Deskilling Thesis of Braverman, as one of the theories reflecting the Marxist view on the relationship between humans and capital. In accordance with Smith (2000) the Deskilling Thesis of Braverman is based on the proposition that ‘the development of capitalism as an economic system has led to the deskilling of wor kers’ (Smith 2000, p.327). In the context of the above theory, the deskilling of workers is developed through the gradual replacement of highly skilled workers with others, less trained (Smith 2000, p.327). The latter are expected to take lower compensation, a fact that leads to the limitation of ‘bargaining power of workers’ (Smith 2000, p.327), a fact, which can be characterized as one of the priorities of capitalism. The view of Braverman on the deskilling of workers has been mainly based on the Marxist views on capitalism. However, influences seem also to exist from the work of other theorists, who also supported the expansion of deskilling as a social phenomenon in the context of capitalism: an indicative example is the view of Helmut Schelsky (1954) on ‘the role of automation in the increase of stress at work’ (Schelsky 1954, in Stehr 2002, p.143); Merton (1947) has been another theorist supporting deskilling, which was characterized as ‘ enforced obsolescence of skills’ (Merton 1947 in Stehr 2002, p.143). The terms on which the theory of Braverman on deskilling has been based have been extensively criticized; in accordance with Bradley (2000) the particular theory of Braverman promotes ‘a romantic view of skill, ignoring its political and social construction’ (Bradley 2000, p.118). Moreover, Bandelj (2009) notes that the Deskilling Thesis of Braverman is based on capitalism as a trend focusing on the ‘mechanization of labour, the social context of which is heavily ignored’ (Bandelj 2009, p.190). A similar criticism is included in the study of Watson-Boone (1998); the above researcher emphasizes on the following element of Braverman’s theory: in the context of the Braverman theory, the worker is considered to be ‘totally controlled by the capital’ (Watson-Boone, 1998, p.6), a view which could be possibly applied in the past, but in the context of the modern society such perspective cannot be considered as absolute. On the other hand, Kridel (2010) characterizes the view of Braverman on deskilling as partially justified; it is explained that the perceptions of Braverman ‘on the isolation of worker from the production process, as a result of the expansion of capitalism’ (Kridel 2010, p.284) reflected the social and economic conditions of a particular era. Moreover, it is noted that the Deskilling Thesis of Braverman has been used in practice for supporting the need of teachers for being protected towards the mechanization of their role –

Indo-European languages Essay Example for Free

Indo-European languages Essay The corpus of Sanskrit literature encompasses a rich tradition of poetry and drama as well as scientific, technical, philosophical and dharma texts. Sanskrit continues to be widely used as a ceremonial language in Hindu religious rituals and Buddhist practice in the forms of hymns and mantras. Spoken Sanskrit has been revised in some villages with traditional institutions, and there are attempts at further popularisation. The Sanskrit verbal adjective sa? sk? ta- may be translated as put together, constructed, well or completely formed; refined, adorned, highly elaborated. It is derived from the root sa? -skar- to put together, compose, arrange, prepare,[5] where sa? together (as English same) and (s)kar- do, make. The term in the generic meaning of made ready, prepared, completed, finished is found in the Rigveda. Also in Vedic Sanskrit, as nominalised neuter sa? sk? tam, it means preparation, prepared place and thus ritual enclosure, place for a sacrifice. As a term for refined or elaborated speech the adjective appears only in Epic and Classical Sanskrit, in the Manusmriti and in the Mahabharata. The language referred to as sa? sk? ta the cultured language has by definition always been a sacred and sophisticated language, used for religious and learned discourse in ancient India, and contrasted with the languages spoken by the people, prak? ta- natural, artless, normal, ordinary. Classical Sanskrit is the standard register as laid out in the grammar of Pa? ini, around the 4th century BCE. [6] Its position in the cultures of Greater India is akin to that of Latin and Greek in Europe and it has significantly influenced most modern languages of the Indian subcontinent, particularly in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Nepal. [7] The pre-Classical form of Sanskrit is known as Vedic Sanskrit, with the language of the Rigveda being the oldest and most archaic stage preserved, its oldest core dating back to as early as 1500 BCE. [8] This qualifies Rigvedic Sanskrit as one of the oldest attestations of any Indo-Iranian language, and one of the earliest attested members of the Indo-European languages, the family which includes English and most European languages. [9] Sanskrit, as defined by Pa? ini, had evolved out of the earlier Vedic form. The beginning of Vedic Sanskrit can be traced as early as 1500–1200 BCE (for Rig-vedic and Indo-Aryan superstrate in Mitanni). Scholars often distinguish Vedic Sanskrit and Classical or Pa? inian Sanskrit as separate dialects. Though they are quite similar, they differ in a number of essential points of phonology, vocabulary, grammar and syntax. Vedic Sanskrit is the language of the Vedas, a large collection of hymns, incantations (Samhitas), theological and religio-philosophical discussions in the Brahmanas and Upanishads. Modern linguists consider the metrical hymns of the Rigveda Samhita to be the earliest, composed by many authors over several centuries of oral tradition. The end of the Vedic period is marked by the composition of the Upanishads, which form the concluding part of the Vedic corpus in the traditional view; however the early Sutras are Vedic, too, both in language and content. [10] Around the mid-1st millennium BCE, Vedic Sanskrit began the transition from a first language to a second language of religion and learning. For nearly 2,000 years, a cultural order existed that exerted influence across South Asia, Inner Asia, Southeast Asia, and to a certain extent, East Asia. [11] A significant form of post-Vedic Sanskrit is found in the Sanskrit of the Hindu Epics—the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The deviations from Pa? ini in the epics are generally considered to be on account of interference from Prakrits, or innovations and not because they are pre-Paninean. [12] Traditional Sanskrit scholars call such deviations ar? a ( ), meaning of the is, the traditional title for the ancient authors. In some contexts, there are also more prakritisms (borrowings from common speech) than in Classical Sanskrit proper. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit is a literary language heavily influenced by Middle Indic, based on early Buddhist prakrit texts which subsequently assimilated to the Classical Sanskrit standard in varying degrees. [13] According to Tiwari (1955), there were four principal dialects of classical Sanskrit: pascimottari (Northwestern, also called Northern or Western),madhyadesi (lit. , middle country), purvi (Eastern) and dak? i? i (Southern, arose in the Classical period). The predecessors of the first three dialects are even attested in Vedic Brahma? as, of which the first one was regarded as the purest (Kau? itaki Brahma? a, 7. 6).

Overcoming Communication Barriers between Genders Essay -- Gender Diffe

Roles of men and women Of the many changes which have taken place in American society since World War II, one of the greatest has been in the roles of men and women. Members of both genders have lived multiple roles in the past, but these were generally established ones, such as men being the wage earners and women the caregivers. Communication followed largely defined cultural and societal norms. Usually, nuances in speech and in body language could readily be interpreted. As Archie Bunker nostalgically sang in television’s "All in the Family," "... and you knew who you were then; girls were girls and men were men." Many of the roles have remained the same, but now they frequently are carried out by members of either gender. Women have careers in engineering or sports; a growing number of men have full-time care of home, children, and the disabled. Both men and women have a variety of jobs in the workplace and positions in the hierarchy of management. Communication between the genders has become more prevalent and pervasive in society, as norms have changed. When one adds the mobility of the American population and the differences among the cultures they represent, both the importance and difficulty of effective communication increases. Now medical and sociological researchers are offering aid, even across cultural lines, in gender communication. Communication differences Few Americans communicate with as many different types of individuals of both genders as U.S. Army chaplains and chaplain assistants as they interact with each other, and provide religious support to soldiers, family members, and other civilians — worldwide. Their roles and orientation to people often give them special insights in communication. The following observations, however, may also be helpful to both men and women. Men are widely observed to come quickly to the point they wish to make, while women tend to use more detail in leading up to the point. In communicating with women, men may become impatient as they search for the point, or lose interest. If they interrupt, women can be frustrated or offended. In talking with men, therefore, women can use two techniques to communicate more effectively. First, begin with the point, or "bottom line," if possible. Second, omit unnecessary detail. On the other hand, men can refrai... ...relate nonsense words, men used only the left sides of their brains; but after the majority of women processed the information on the left sides of their brains. They used the right side to relate additional examples. Might this difference have any bearing on the fact that women as a group usually include more detail in their speech? Conclusion Knowledge may continue to expand; many enigmas of speech and behavior may be solved. But good communication between individuals can continue to be based on the precept underlying all the examples described above. This precept, shared by the great religions of the world, is kindness: caring for each other. BIBLIOGRAPHY Glass, Lillian, "How to Communicate Better with the Opposite Sex," Bottom Line/Personal, August 15, 1996. _____, "Perspectives on Literacy, Gender, and Change," British Journal of Sociology of Education, Vol. 16, Issue 4, December 1995. Richardson, Susan, "S/HE Brains," Discover Magazine, June 1995. Margaret Robertson served as a program analyst in the Directorate of Combat Developments at the Chaplain School until her retirement in March 1997. Army Chaplaincy

Social Forces Affecting Education -Pressures on Children Essay

Social forces play a major role in the achievement that takes place in our nation’s schools. Factors that take place outside of the classroom have significant effects that intrude on a child’s learning environment. These social forces hold no prejudice to the youth for whom they afflict and arise in every school setting across the public school system. It is important that one recognizes the impact that social forces have on the future leaders of our country and what conflicts they create for our present day learners. Because we live in a competitive society and want to be able to compete in the global economy, achievement pressure runs rampant in classrooms across the country (Anxiety.org, 2011). When parents and teachers can become aware of the emotional burdens and adverse effects that high achievement pressures carry, they will no doubt second guess their choice to perpetuate them (Weissbourd, 2011). The first step in solving any problem is to first be able to ackno wledge it. Pressures on children in today’s society are a problem that is becoming more evident in academics as parents and teachers put more and more emphasis on these children to outperform their classmates, stress in the child’s life becomes an interfering problem (Anxiety.org, 2011 Weissbourd, 2011,). From preschool children to college adults, pressure to execute academic perfection extends across all areas of curriculum. In our highly competitive, American society, emphasis placed on academic achievement has never been so intense (Anxiety.org, 2011, Beilock, 2011). This need to be the best, fueled by our culture in America, has created a social force affecting education, a force to be reckoned with at that. Too often, parents and teachers sacrifice their chil... ... medical foundation. Retrieved from http://www.pamf.org/teen/byteens/academic-stress.html Kaur, S. (2011). pamf.org. Retrieved from http://www.pamf.org/teen/life/stress/academicpressure.html Anxiety.org. (2011, 5 16). Retrieved from http://www.anxiety.org/anxiety-news/general/childhood-anxiety-from-academic-pressure-are-we-pushin Herrfeldt, B. (n.d.). ehow.com. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/how_2314755_cope-academic-pressure-.html Weissbourd, R. (2011, May). The Overpressured Student. Educational Leadership, Vol. 68, No. 8, 23-27. Kadison, R. & DiGeronimo, T.F. (2004). College of the Overwhelmed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. American Psychological Association (APA) (2012, March 12). Reducing academic pressure may help children succeed. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120312101439.htm

Quantitative Critique

The title is specific and concise, it is representative of the research report. From the title the focus of the study is understood including what was studied, who was studied, and where the study took place. It is also accurate and unambiguous. The title also described the study design, therefore the reader was not mislead on the data presented. Researcher credibility Each of the three researchers credentials and affiliations are disclosed on the first page of the article. All of the researchers have credentials in nursing research, however none of them disclosed any information on their expertise in the area of depression, interventions to decrease depressive symptoms, or working with incarcerated women. According to Coughlan, Cronin, & Ryan (2007) â€Å"an authors qualifications and job title can be a useful indicator into the researchers knowledge of the area under investigation and ability to ask the appropriate questions. The first author held a clinical position in the institution, this was not disclosed until further into the article, I feel that this information could have been disclosed sooner in the article. This could possibly hold a conflict of interest, especially if the incarcerated women were familiar with the first author. The first authors clinical position in the prison enhances the study findings as he has worked with the population. However, this could be conflict of interest since he is an employee of the institution. Abstract The abstract is concise and summarizes the whole study. Also read this  Critique of Stuff Is Not Salvation It is divided into subsections of background, objectives, methods, results, discussion, and key words. The objective is clearly stated, which is to determine the feasibility of providing a gender-responsive exercise intervention within a correctional facility and observe the effects of the exercise program in respect to levels of depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and perceived stress among incarcerated women. The methods are listed and clearly stated which include 3 self-administered instruments which were completed before treatment and during treatment. This section allowed the reader to fully understand how the authors conducted the study. The results section highlighted the findings from the study and makes the reader want to continue reading the article. Even though the sample size was very small. The discussion section reviewed the findings. Introduction/ background and literature review â€Å"The introduction communicates the research problem and its context† (Polit & Beck, p. 63). In this article, a good background description of what the problem is (incarcerated women and mental illness) with supporting evidence is presented. The article provides a thorough description on why this research is important, one reason states is that most treatment modalities are often based on male treatment models or models that have shown success in community-based populations rather than incarcerated populations (Harner, et. al. , p. 390) The review begins with stating evidence on depression, anxiety, and stress within the prison system, especially among women. It also provides a detailed description of Iyengar yoga and health. The section is well organized with good transitions. Several sources were reviewed by the authors in order to establish a need for the study. The literature reviewed by the authors dates from 1996 to 2009, with mainly primary sources and all were relevant to the topic of mental illness, incarcerated women, or Iyengar yoga. The articles reviewed that were not recent gave statistical data and may have been more relevant if the statistics were more recent. All the articles were relevant to the problem and stressed the degree of mental illness in incarcerated women. The article also noted that most research available has examined the effect of yoga and yoga-based exercises on mental health outcomes using a variety of different yoga styles, thus making it difficult to determine what aspect was most beneficial (Harner, et. al. , p. 390). Thus this research study being done fills a gap to the existing knowledge and will hopefully provide better treatment options for incarcerated women with mental illness. The use of direct quotes was minimal throughout the article. The research problem has significance to nursing, however this was not made very clear in the article. Purpose/ Research Question/ Hypothesis The purpose of the study was explicitly stated, â€Å"testing the feasibility of implementing a group format exercise intervention, specifically a 12-week Iyengar yoga intervention, in a woman’s correctional facility† (Harner, et. al. , p. 389). The phenomenon of interest was clearly defined, as was the study population. The articles reviewed showed key evidence to support yoga and decreased levels of depression. The authors clearly described the limitations of the literature review to the reader, there was no published studies that reviewed Iyengar yoga and incarcerated individuals. Theoretical framework. The theoretical framework is based on the gender-responsive framework. It is unclear whether this is a nursing or non-nursing framework as it is not clearly defined. The gender-responsive framework is not clearly explained, thus making it difficult to determine its appropriateness for the study. This is one limitation of the stud y and could be addressed by clearly explaining the gender-responsive framework. Sampling The study population (incarcerated women) using non-probability purposive sampling was clearly stated and defined. The article discussed that this study was part of a larger study and a small sample size was expected. Exclusion criteria was clearly stated. Due to security issues the Department of Corrections generated and approved the list of potential participates before being contacted by the research team. This non-random sample or convenience sample generated 60 women, in which 21 agreed to participate in the intervention. Retention of the sample population was clearly defined in the article with only 6 women completing the 12-week intervention. Due to the security concerns this method of sampling was the best approach. All factors were discussed in regards to the sample size with demographics clearly defined. The sample size is important in quantitative research as a small sample is at risk of being overly representative of small subgroups within the target population (Coughlan, et. al. , 2007). The issue of power was addressed in the limitations section and was noted to be limited for detecting linear trends over time. Ethics Ethical issues were discussed in this article. The authors state that informed consent was obtained in each case, although the method in which consent was obtained was changed prior to the first inmates appointment. The issue of incentive gifts was also addressed and were not used. The inmate did receive a certificate of completion at the end of the 12-week intervention. The research protocol for this study was approved by all institutional review boards including the DOC. The site for the interviews and site for the intervention were described. Privacy of the intervention was not discussed, however for approximately 2 weeks the intervention was relocated to a different location within the institution. The treatment of Iyengar yoga is ethically and politically acceptable. The risks to the inmates were participated in the study were minimized and the benefits maximized. Design. The design was a feasibility study or pilot study. It is based on a experimental method, where there is a manipulated intervention. According to Polit & Beck (2012) â€Å"a pilot study is a small scale version or trial run designed to test the methods to be used in a larger, more rigorous study†. This was an effective design choice to answer the research question and to determine the need for a larger study. This design allowed the authors a chance to remove all the potential flaws before the larger study. There was no random assignment in this study as there was no control group, all participants were included in the yoga intervention. There was a consultant used in the study, but she had experience with medical research and has also conducted yoga-related intervention research with women. This consultants prior experience made her a trained member of the research team. The number of data collection points was appropriate. The participants were assessed on mental health measures of depression using 3 instruments to measure they were recorded at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Interviewer bias was removed removed with the use of the 3 self-administered instruments, however the first author was present during the time. The use of open-ended questions was also used and supplemented the quantitative data. This was helpful as participants were able to put their thoughts into words. The intervention of yoga was properly described through various journal articles and was properly implemented. However, one part of the yoga intervention that could have been better implemented was the use of a space that was quite and free of outside interference. The article did address these issues, but didn’t address what could have been done differently. This study analyzed attrition biases by comparing data to subjects who dropped out of the study. Another factor affecting internal validity is that of maturation, the participants mental health factor could have increased or decreased over time. Blinding was not used as all participants knew they were going to participate in the intervention of yoga. Data collection All experimental research must included a method for evaluating the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable. This study used three instruments that were identified and each was discussed in full detail. The open-ended questions were also described and examples of questions were provided. The instruments used were appropriate for the study as each targeted a different dimension of depression, anxiety, and stress. Each of the previously designed instruments were the most appropriate. The one concern on the data collection method is that the instruments were self-administered at the end of yoga class (weeks 4, 8, and 12). It was stated that some participants felt particularly anxious about the yoga session ending late, which would result in disciplinary action. By making the data collection at the end of the yoga intervention did some participants rush, making their data less accurate. The reliability and validity of each of the 3 instruments used in the study were discussed and each showed consistency in measuring the specific outcomes. The operational definition is congruent for the variables being studied (depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and perceived stress at baseline). There is no concern for subjectivity as each participant individually fills out the 3 instruments that are being used in the study. Data analysis When percentages were reported in the study, the overall numbers (n) was also reported. The research question was appropriately analyzed and broken down into the 3 instruments used to measure mental health. The varying sample sizes are noted through the tables and were clearly defined in the article as participants dropped out of the study. There was no room for type I and II errors, as the data analysis was straight-forward. There was no chance for different interpretations on the part of the researcher. A p-value was used as one statistical methods used and it represented an overall linear decrease over time, however the article suggests that a nonlinear model may be more appropriate. The p-value was an appropriate test to run, however it doesn’t tell weather the findings are important or applicable. The regression analysis was an appropriate test in answering the research question. This was appropriate because in simple regression one dependent variable (depression, anxiety, and stress) can be compared to the independent variable (weeks when instruments administered). However, there were not a lot of statistical tests run on the data, this could be due to the fact that there was no control group to compare the data with. The least square means method and the mixed model parameters were used to treat the data. The article also charted out the descriptive statistics for mental health measures over time. This was a helpful chart as it laid out the data collected in an easy to read format. All data collected due to the small sample size and limited power, comparisons were made and hypothesis were generated to be tested in the larger study (Harner, et. al. , p. 392). A one-sided Fisher’s exact test was used and p-values were less than . 20 for associations between drop-out and race, education, and current musculoskeletal problems (Harner, et. l. , p. 395). This was the correct test to be used because it tested the significance of differences in proportions (Polit, & Beck, p. 421). Results The results were cohesively presented and well organized using many tables and graphs that clearly outlined the findings of the study. The purpose of the study was referenced at the beginning of the results sectio n making it clear was was being presented. The research questions were answered and statistical evidence was provided to show outcomes measures. Statistical significance was found for depression, but not for anxiety or stress. Statistical significance assists the researcher in ruling out one important threat to validity, which is that the result could be due to chance rather than to real difference in the population (Coughlan, et. al. , p. 662). The small sample size could have been a factor in this findings. Descriptive statistics were presented, then inferential statistics were discussed including a discussion on participant dropout. A figure was created to show the assessment of dropout according to baseline mental health status, this figure was a little busy and quite difficult to read. A bar chart may have been more useful to depict this data. A post hoc power analysis was also performed. This was done so the researchers could determine whether the yoga intervention was significantly more effective than no intervention. While reading the results section of the article the descriptive results were presented last. I feel as though another header could have been added to include the logistics of the study and then proceed into the reults. Discussion In the discussion section, all of the findings from the study are discussed within the original framework. The discussion section was broken down into three sections feasibility, efficacy, and limitations. The section extended beyond the results section and addressed some unanticipated events that came up during the study and how the intervention was able to continue despite these events. The problem of retention of participants was brought up and with suggestions on how to minimize these dropouts in further studies. Researchers referred back to literature cited in the literature review. The limitations are addressed concisely and are appropriate for this feasibility study. The researches addressed the fact that a control group was not used due to security reasons, I feel that this could have been addressed earlier in the paper to assist the reader in fully understanding the statistical data. Implications/ recommendations Specific recommendations for research are discussed at the conclusion of the article. The researchers defined numerous areas of improvement for future studies. Barriers to the study were also addressed. The researchers addressed that this was the first attempt in addressing a gender-responsive Iyengar yoga program to improve confidence and reduce the stress of incarcerated women (Harner, et. l. , p. 398). Recommendations were made for future studies and ways in which to improve future interventions to benefit health outcomes of incarcerated populations. Overall evaluation It was quite interesting to see how the yoga intervention affected the incarcerated women in regards to depression, anxiety, and stress. The researchers selected an i mportant problem and one that could have strong effects in our state or federal prison system for women. Critical thinking and reflection were evident in that the researchers at one time had to change the study location due to extenuating circumstances. The research study expanded knowledge on the effects of the Iyengar yoga intervention on incarcerated women and opened the door for future studies to be performed. The limitations were unavoidable and expected as this was a feasibility study to determine the need for a larger study. The results leave a small amount of confidence that the yoga intervention decreased the level of depression, anxiety, and stress among incarcerated women. However, a larger study involving numerous women’s correctional institutions that included both a control and experimental group may yield more confidence. This study inspired the need for further research. This article is worthy of publication as it lays a ground work for future research. I would be proud to have my name on this research as it is groundbreaking and hopefully will create a better tool to treat mental illness in our correctional facilities than psychotropic medications alone. The finding are relevant and accessible to practicing nurses in correctional facilities. This may pave a way for nurses in these types of facilities to create interventions that help with a wide array of health problems.